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                <title xml:lang="en">The Exploitation of Ground Squirrel at the End of the Magdalenian</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">La consommation du souslik par les chasseurs du Magdalénien à l'abri Blénien (Wolschwiller, Alsace)</title>
                <title xml:lang="en" type="sub">First Results from Blenien Shelter (Wolschwiller, Alsace)</title>
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              <p>Throughout the Palaeolithic, hunting practices remained oriented towards the acquisition of large game, the basis of subsist-ence for hunter-gatherer groups. In the Late Palaeolithic, the consumption of small game was in the increase during the Late Glacial and became more systematic and even, for some authors, more intensive.In this paper, we present an example of the exploitation of ground squirrels by hunter-gatherer groups at the end of the Late Glacial, which is observed at Blénien shelter. This site is located in the Grand-Est region in the south of Alsace in the commune of Wolschwil-ler, a few kilometres from the northern border with Switzerland. Excavations of this site, recognised in 2006, began in 2012 and have since revealed several Late Glacial occupations. It provides evidence of human occupation attributable to the Late Magdalenian period through numerous lithic and bone remains. The faunal spectrum is dominated by the ground squirrel and the analysis of its remains shows that this animal was acquired in large numbers during the good season and over a period of half a millennium. The evidence for its consumption, although discrete, shows that the individuals were skinned and then quartered before being cooked near a heat source. While there is evidence that the skin may have been further processed, there is evidence of meat consumption at the site, though it remains relatively small in terms of meat weight compared to what is provided by the acquisition of a single reindeer. Thus, this collec-tion is a good illustration of the interest that Late Glacial human groups had in acquiring and eating small game, but it also shows that ground squirrel consumption seems to be found on a larger scale in the Late Magdalenian.</p>
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              <p>Tout au long du Paléolithique, les pratiques de chasse restent orientées vers l’acquisition du grand gibier, pilier de la subsis-tance des groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs. Au Paléolithique récent, la consommation des petits gibiers est en plein essor et se systéma-tise, voire, pour certains auteurs, s’intensifie durant le Tardiglaciaire.Nous présentons dans cet article un exemple de l’exploitation du spermophile par les groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs de la fin du Tardi-glaciaire, qui est observée dans l’abri de Blénien. Ce gisement alsacien, reconnu en 2006, est situé sur la commune de Wolschwiller. La fouille systématique, débutée en 2012 et toujours en cours, a révélé plusieurs occupations du Tardiglaciaire. Elle livre les indices d’une fréquentation humaine attribuable à la fin du Magdalénien et marquée par de nombreux vestiges lithiques (outils et éclats) et osseux. Le spectre faunique est dominé par le souslik, aussi appelé « spermophile » (ou écureuil terrestre), et l’analyse de ses restes montre que cet animal a été acquis en grand nombre durant la bonne saison et sur une période de deux millénaires. Les preuves de sa consommation, bien que discrètes, montrent que les individus ont été dépouillés avant d’être cuits à proximité d’une source de chaleur, puis mis en pièces. Si des indices laissent à penser que la peau a pu faire l’objet d’un traitement ultérieur, la consommation de la viande sur le site est attestée ; elle demeure toutefois relativement faible en poids de viande par rapport à ce qui peut être apporté par l’acquisition d’un seul renne. Ainsi, non seulement cette collection est une belle illustration de l’engouement qu’avaient les groupes humains de la fin du Tardiglaciaire pour l’acquisition et la consommation de petits gibiers, mais elle renforce les connaissances sur la consommation du spermophile qui semble se retrouver à plus large échelle à la fin du Magdalénien.</p>
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