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                <term xml:lang="en">Urban bathing</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Microbiological contamination</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Hydrodynamic modelling</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Forecasting</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Warning system</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Baignade urbaine</term>
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              <p>Bathing in urban rivers is becoming increasingly attractive. In order to reduce the sanitary risks, a warning system is helpful in anticipating episodes of microbiological contamination and therefore in improving the management of bathing areas.This paper presents a short term (3 days) predictive system developed for La Villette basin study site in Paris. It is based on in situ measurements of faecal indicator bacteria upstream of the bathing area and the simulation of their transportation with a hydrodynamic model. A bacteria transfer time and their spatial distribution are then estimated to warn if a bathing threshold is likely to be crossed and for which duration. The hydraulic and physical-biological forcing of the model is based on antecedent measured conditions or predicted ones from weather forecasts. In the operational structure of the system, the water quality at the bathing site is estimated and a retrospective comparison with field measurements is used to evaluate the performance of the model. It is planned to operate this system at other bathing sites, including the Marne river.</p>
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              <p>La baignade dans les cours d’eau urbains bénéficie d’un attrait grandissant. Afin de limiter les risques sanitaires pour les baigneurs, un système d’alerte pour la prévention des risques sanitaires permet d’anticiper des épisodes de contamination microbiologique et ainsi d’améliorer la gestion des fermetures des baignades.Cet article présente un système prédictif à court terme (3 jours) développé sur le site d’étude du bassin de La Villette à Paris. Il s’appuie sur la mesure in situ de bactéries indicatrices fécales en amont de l’espace de baignade et la simulation de leur transport avec un modèle hydrodynamique.  Le temps de transfert des bactéries ainsi que leur distribution spatiale sont alors estimés pour avertir si un seuil de baignabilité risque d’être franchi et pour quelle durée. Le forçage hydraulique et physico-biologique du modèle se base sur des conditions antérieures mesurées ou prédites à partir des prévisions météorologiques. Dans la structure opérationnelle du système, la qualité de l’eau au niveau de la baignade est estimée et la comparaison a posteriori avec les mesures de terrain permet d’évaluer les performances du modèle. Ce système pourra être déployé ultérieurement sur d’autres sites de baignade, notamment en Marne.</p>
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