Evaluation of High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays in a Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Mild COVID-19: Clinical Sensitivity, Specificity, and Association with Virus Neutralization Test - Archive ouverte HAL
Journal Articles Clinical Chemistry Year : 2021

Evaluation of High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays in a Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Mild COVID-19: Clinical Sensitivity, Specificity, and Association with Virus Neutralization Test

Antonin Bal
Bruno Pozzetto
Mary-Anne Trabaud
  • Function : Author
Vanessa Escuret
Adèle Paul
  • Function : Author
Nicolas Guibert
  • Function : Author
Constance D’aubarède-Frieh
  • Function : Author
Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery
  • Function : Author
Nicole Fabien
  • Function : Author
David Goncalves
  • Function : Author
André Boibieux
  • Function : Author
Florence Morfin-Sherpa
  • Function : Author
Virginie Pitiot
  • Function : Author
François Gueyffier
Bruno Lina
Jean-Baptiste Fassier
Sophie Trouillet-Assant

Abstract

Abstract Background The association between SARS-CoV-2 commercial serological assays and virus neutralization test (VNT) has been poorly explored in mild patients with COVID-19. Methods 439 serum specimens were longitudinally collected from 76 healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. The clinical sensitivity (determined weekly) of 9 commercial serological assays were evaluated. Clinical specificity was assessed using 69 pre-pandemic sera. Correlation, agreement, and concordance with the VNT were also assessed on a subset of 170 samples. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated at 2 neutralizing antibody titers. Results The Wantai Total Ab assay targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S protein presented the best sensitivity at different times during the course of disease. The clinical specificity was greater than 95% for all tests except for the Euroimmun IgA assay. The overall agreement with the presence of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 62.2% (95%CI; 56.0–68.1) for bioMérieux IgM to 91.2% (87.0–94.2) for Siemens. The lowest negative percent agreement (NPA) was found with the Wantai Total Ab assay (NPA 33% (21.1–48.3)). The NPA for other total Ab or IgG assays targeting the S or the RBD was 80.7% (66.7–89.7), 90.3% (78.1–96.1), and 96.8% (86.8–99.3) for Siemens, bioMérieux IgG, and DiaSorin, respectively. None of the commercial assays have sufficient performance to detect a neutralizing titer of 80 (AUC < 0.76). Conclusions Although some assays show a better agreement with VNT than others, the present findings emphasize that commercialized serological tests, including those targeting the RBD, cannot substitute a VNT for the assessment of functional antibody response.

Dates and versions

hal-04176632 , version 1 (03-08-2023)

Identifiers

Cite

Antonin Bal, Bruno Pozzetto, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Vanessa Escuret, Muriel Rabilloud, et al.. Evaluation of High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays in a Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Mild COVID-19: Clinical Sensitivity, Specificity, and Association with Virus Neutralization Test. Clinical Chemistry, 2021, 67 (5), pp.742-752. ⟨10.1093/clinchem/hvaa336⟩. ⟨hal-04176632⟩
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