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              <p>This paper is dedicated to the study of the converse implication in Hilbert 17th problem for a general commutative ring. In this direction, we introduce the notions of central and precentral orderings which generalize the notion of central points of irreducible real algebraic varieties. We study these two families of orderings which both live in the real spectrum of the ring and allow to state new Positivstellensätze and to obtain an equivalence in Hilbert 17th problem.</p>
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