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              <p>Inspired by the new French social history of political ideas, this paper tackles the conceptual history of thymos in the 20th and 21st centuries, by examining its circulation and uses in various historical-political contexts. Following its emergence in various texts of the early Leo Strauss, this article shows how the concept was first implanted in the United States by the neoconservative Straussians (Allan Bloom and Francis Fukuyama), before being re-imported into contemporary Germany (with Peter Sloterdijk and his student, the AfD intellectual Marc Jongen). The main thesis is that the thymos framework retains a certain stability over time, despite a great variation in its appropriations: it is thus always characterized by a double normative charge which expresses a conservative ambivalence towards the (liberal) order of things, oscillating between its defense (protection of the status quo) and its subversion or radicalization “from the right”. The article also reveals that thymos is not only mobilized in ideological struggles, but also in conflicts between intellectuals: “Thymos”, “spiritedness”, “desire for recognition”, “anger” also have the function of expressing a “revolt” of the conservative intellectual in the face of his dominated status in the intellectual or university fields, positions which often contrast with his relative influence in other fields.</p>
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              <p>S’inscrivant dans le cadre des nouvelles recherches françaises en histoire sociale des idées politiques, cet article propose de reconstruire la « carrière » du concept platonicien de thymos dans l’histoire intellectuelle des 20e et 21e siècles en examinant sa circulation et ses appropriations variées, ainsi que les différents contextes dans lesquels il a été mobilisé. Après avoir restitué son émergence dans la philosophie politique des années 1930 du jeune Leo Strauss, on s'intéresse aux modalités de son implantation outre-Altantique chez les Straussians néoconservateurs (Allan Bloom et Francis Fukuyama), avant d’examiner sa réimportation dans l'Allemagne contemporaine (avec le philosophe Peter Sloterdijk et son étudiant, l’intellectuel de l’Alternative für Deutschland, Marc Jongen). L'article montre que le schème argumentatif du thymos garde une certaine stabilité dans le temps malgré la diversité de ses appropriations : il se caractérise ainsi toujours par une double charge normative qui exprime une ambivalence toute conservatrice à l’égard de l’ordre (libéral) établi, oscillant entre sa défense (protection du statu quo) et sa subversion ou radicalisation « par la droite ». L’article révèle également que le concept n’est pas uniquement mobilisé dans la lutte idéologique, mais aussi dans des luttes entre intellectuels : l’« ardeur », le « désir de reconnaissance » ou la « colère » que dénote la notion de thymos ont souvent chez les différents intellectuels étudiés aussi pour fonction d’exprimer une « révolte » de l’intellectuel conservateur face à son statut de « dominé » dans les champs intellectuels ou universitaires, positions qui contrastent souvent avec son rayonnement relatif dans d’autres champs.</p>
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