Multifaceted functions of histone deacetylases in stress response
Résumé
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture by ATPdependent chromatin remodeling proteins complexes. These complexes recognize chromatin modifications such histone acetylation, control chromatin states between relaxation and condensation, and thus regulate gene activity. Histone lysine acylations mirror acetylation, but entail histone acylation of histone lysine residues with either short-chain fatty acids, such as malonylation (Kmal), propionylation (Kpr), butyrylation (Kbu), crotonylation (Kcr), β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb), 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), or dicarboxylic acids such as succinylation (Ksu). HAT and HDAC are involved in lysine acylation and deacylation. Post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis by ribosomes. As an example, phosphorylation is adding a phosphate to a hydroxyl group of an amino acid residue. Among other types of PTMs are ubiquitination, acetylation or Snitrosylation. PTMs usually respond to cell signaling and regulate the modified protein function. Stress granules are dense aggregations composed of proteins and RNAs that can appear in different cell compartments when the cell is under stress.
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