Throughout his life, Mably defends the soft trade principles. By adopting a new interpretation grid (science of commerce), his criticism of commercial civilization can be reconsidered. He is in line with the thinking movement of the years 1750-1760, which made agriculture the foundation of economic activity. To ensure the development of the agricultural sector, the free circulation of goods within the kingdom must be allowed and foreign trade must be encouraged as it provides additional outlets for domestic production. Domestic and foreign trade are therefore two complementary and mutually supportive activities. Mably also promotes trade and industry in ‘useful’ goods against the luxury of a minority. The economic development project for Poland therefore appears to be an attempt to move from theory to practice.