The identification of jets containing a $b$-hadron, referred to as $b$-tagging, plays an important role for various physics measurements and searches carried out by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The most recent $b$-tagging algorithm developments based on graph neural network architectures are presented. Preliminary performance on Run 3 data in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt s = 13.6$ TeV is shown and expected performance at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) discussed.