The worldwide evolution towards a digital society is strongly underway, thanks in particular to the incredible increase in the performance of electronics and micronanoelectronics in all their compartments, from elementary components to circuits and systems. This accelerating evolution, especially in terms of data flow corresponding to the multiplication of connected objects, raises new challenges of two kinds: technical/technological and human. On the technical side, we need to reduce the size of systems and their energy consumption by controlling elementary devices and circuit architectures. On the human level, we need to adapt skills to the new technical and technological challenges and above all to increase the pool of talent due to the extremely rapid development of applications, despite the growing assistance provided by all the design and manufacturing assistance tools. After having developed the global context, this paper focuses on the different limitations and associated challenges and on the approach brought by the French microelectronics training network for the learning of the know-how in connection with the recovery plans dedicated to the electronics industry.