The purpose of this paper is to report on an investigation of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in the textile and apparel supply chains (SC) and identify challenges that Vietnamese businesses face while dealing with CSR requirements. The objectives of the research, which drew on existing literature and case studies, were to identify and assess arising issues and concerns, such as working conditions and environmental impacts, in the implementation of CSR in the Vietnamese textile and apparel industry. This paper also provides theoretical support for garment practitioners and academics to grasp all the aspects of CSR in the evaluation of supply chain CSR practices. Meanwhile, from a managerial perspective, the research reported here could help SC decision-makers and policymakers propose relevant solutions for enhancing the performance of CSR implementation in this sector.