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            <title xml:lang="fr">Étude du comportement de l’interface sable-pieu sous chargement axial monotone et cyclique à l’échelle granulaire</title>
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                <forename type="first">Jeanne</forename>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Revue française de Géotechnique&lt;/i&gt;, 2021, 166, pp.4. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2021005"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1051/geotech/2021005&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Étude du comportement de l’interface sable-pieu sous chargement axial monotone et cyclique à l’échelle granulaire</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Jeanne</forename>
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              <p>The mechanisms controlling the macroscopic behavior of sand-pile interface during pile installation and axial cyclic loading are complex and are difficult to fully understand from field observations or from external measurements on laboratory-scale models. Numerous experimental investigations have been reported on related topics of sand kinematics, grain crushing, local porosity changes, local effective stress changes and the macroscopic interface behavior but the observations were conducted either post-mortem or in plane strain and mainly during pile installation. The present work focuses on the sand grains behavior in the vicinity of the pile during pile installation and subsequent axial loading cycles. The tests were performed in a mini-calibration chamber installed in an x-ray scanner. The pile was installed by monotonic jacking and submitted to 1500 displacement-controlled cycles under constant radial stress. The results show different phases in the evolution of shaft resistance during cyclic loading, with a non-negligible increase of shaft resistance in the latter phase. For these two phases, the measurement of grain kinematics reveals a different behavior of the sand mass associated with a significant densification at the interface. First, the sand mass contracts radially within a region of thickness 4 D 50 . Then, sand grains hardly move and the sand mass reaches a threshold density for which the friction on the shaft resistance increases significantly.</p>
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              <p>De nombreuses études expérimentales sont conduites pour analyser quantitativement la cinématique et l’écrasement des grains à l’interface sable-pieu sous chargement axial. Néanmoins, les résultats sont obtenus soit post-mortem, soit en déformations planes, et principalement pendant l’installation du pieu. L’article présente une approche innovante associant la tomographie à rayons X et l’analyse d’images en 3D et permettant d’extraire des informations à l’échelle granulaire, pendant le chargement monotone et cyclique du pieu. Les tests sont réalisés sur un pieu instrumenté installé par fonçage monotone dans un échantillon dense de sable. Après son installation, le pieu est soumis à un grand nombre de cycles axiaux contrôlés en déplacement à contrainte radiale constante. Ces essais sont conduits dans une mini-chambre de calibration qui permet d’acquérir des tomographies à rayons X à haute résolution après différentes étapes de chargement. La réponse macroscopique de l’interface montre une évolution du frottement à l’interface pendant les cycles en deux phases, avec une augmentation non négligeable de la résistance de frottement dans la seconde phase. Pour ces deux phases, la mesure de la cinématique révèle un comportement du sable différent associé à une densification importante à l’interface. D’abord, le sol se contracte radialement dans une zone de 4 D 50 d’épaisseur. Ensuite, les grains de sable se déplacent difficilement et la densité à l’interface atteint un seuil pour lequel le frottement sur le pieu augmente de manière significative.</p>
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