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                <term xml:lang="en">Gas storage</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Biomethane</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Gas-water-rock interaction</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Oxygen reactivity</term>
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              <p>EU is seeking to rapidly replace part of the natural gas usually stored in deep saline aquifersby its renewable analogue, i.e. biomethane. While natural gas is depleted in oxygen, up to10 000 ppm of O2 can be measured in biomethane. But to date, the geochemical impact ofthe injection of a gas mix containing natural gas (thus CH4 and CO2) and biomethane (thusoxygen) in deep saline aquifer has never been studied. The objective of this study is toevaluate the resilience of geological storage to oxygen injection and predict the evolutionof the quality of the formation water, the gas plume and the rock formation. To do so,multiple injection scenarios with various gas quality were tested using multiphase reactivetransport modeling. The gas mixtures were injected in two different deep saline aquifers inthe Paris Basin (France) whose petrophysical and geochemical characteristics werereproduced during the simulation. Site 1 was a felspathic sandstone with clay cement andsite 2 was a sandstone with clay-calcareous cement.One dimensional radial flow model evidenced that in both sandstones, the injection of gasmix induced an acidification of the solution from pH~8 to pH~6. The injected oxygenoriginating from biomethane was quickly consumed during pyrite oxidation andcontributed to the acidification of the formation water close to the injection point. However,the injection of 1% mol fraction of CO2(g) contained in the gas mix was the main acidificationfactor. Model demonstrated that the sandstones pH buffering capacity relied upon threegeochemical processes (i) calcite dissolution, (ii) feldspar dissolution and (iii) claysdissolution and sorption capacity. These three pH-buffers were efficient for oxygen contentsfrom 10 to 1000 ppm. Models predicted that the gas mix injection could induce minimal butlong-term change in the nature of mineral phases but without significantly impacting theporosity. Overall, the gas quality was preserved in both sandstones. This result wasevidenced with the modeling of entire gas injection and withdrawal scenario. CO2(g)exsolution, and to a lesser extent H2S(g) exsolution, could occur during these cycles. Inaddition, this study through modeling results concluded that the injection of biomethanedid not significantly change gas-water-rocks interactions compared to those of natural gasinjection. This study also evidenced that the detailed results were largely site-dependent.</p>
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