In this work, chromium removal efficiency from electroplating industry wastewater was studied by adsorption using TiO2/smectite nanoparticles (NP) synthesized by modification of natural smectite by colloidal route. The effect on chromium adsorption of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration was then determined in batch system. Chromium concentration can be reduced to 24 mg/L (70%) under the experimental condition (pH = 2.9, adsorbent dose = 1.6 g/L, contact time = 75 min, T = 298 K and C 0 = 80 mg/L) when initial chromium concentration of 80 mg/L is employed. The chromium adsorption on NP was described by the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum chromium adsorption capacity was found as 35 mg/g. Kinetics data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic studies proved that the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous.