<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04058053</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-22T05:35:19+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Label enhancement based multi-scale transformer for palm-vein recognition</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Huafeng</forename>
                <surname>Qin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b93aa009db17f428860734fbf02d3d29</email>
              <email type="domain">163.com</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1016337</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">599990-1016337</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-0393</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Changqing</forename>
                <surname>Gong</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1244423</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2698481-1244423</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-1118</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Yantao</forename>
                <surname>Li</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1216763</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">444337-1216763</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-5671</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Xinbo</forename>
                <surname>Gao</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1216764</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">742057-1216764</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-0037</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mounim</forename>
                <surname>El-Yacoubi</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">504ab57e7133e1bdcf0504f7d0841541</email>
              <email type="domain">telecom-sudparis.eu</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ma-el-yacoubi</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">12279</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2522690-12279</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7383-0588</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/193493217</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-563936"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-95569"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-442705"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Mounîm A.</forename>
                <surname>EL YACOUBI</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">504ab57e7133e1bdcf0504f7d0841541</email>
              <email type="domain">telecom-sudparis.eu</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-04-04 15:08:43</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-01-21 03:32:55</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-04-04 15:08:44</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-03-27</date>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="323592">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Mounîm A.</forename>
                  <surname>EL YACOUBI</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">504ab57e7133e1bdcf0504f7d0841541</email>
                <email type="domain">telecom-sudparis.eu</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04058053</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04058053</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">qin:hal-04058053</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement&lt;/i&gt;, 2023, 72, pp.1-1. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2023.3261909"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1109/TIM.2023.3261909&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2023, 72, pp.1-1. &amp;#x27E8;10.1109/TIM.2023.3261909&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TELECOM-SUDPARIS" corresp="INSTITUT-MINES-TELECOM">Télécom SudParis</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IP_PARIS">Institut Polytechnique de Paris</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSTITUTS-TELECOM">composantes instituts telecom </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSTITUT-MINES-TELECOM">Institut Mines Telecom</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TSP-DIGITAL-SUSTAINABILITY-AND-RESPONSIBILITY" corresp="TELECOM-SUDPARIS">Digital sustainability and responsibility</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="DEPARTEMENT-DE-MATHEMATIQUES">Collection du Département de Mathématiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IP-PARIS-DEPARTEMENT-MATHEMATIQUES">Département de Mathèmatiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IP-PARIS-MATHEMATIQUES">IP Paris Département de Mathématiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IP-PARIS-INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION-ELECTRONIQUE">IP Paris Département d'Information, de Communication et d'Électronique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IP-PARIS-INFORMATIQUE-DONNEES-ET-IA">IP Paris Département d'Informatique, de Données et d'IA</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SAMOVAR">Services répartis, Architectures, Modélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Label enhancement based multi-scale transformer for palm-vein recognition</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Huafeng</forename>
                    <surname>Qin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">b93aa009db17f428860734fbf02d3d29</email>
                  <email type="domain">163.com</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1016337</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">599990-1016337</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-0393</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Changqing</forename>
                    <surname>Gong</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1244423</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2698481-1244423</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-1118</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Yantao</forename>
                    <surname>Li</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1216763</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">444337-1216763</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-5671</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Xinbo</forename>
                    <surname>Gao</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1216764</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">742057-1216764</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-0037</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-237002"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mounim</forename>
                    <surname>El-Yacoubi</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">504ab57e7133e1bdcf0504f7d0841541</email>
                  <email type="domain">telecom-sudparis.eu</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ma-el-yacoubi</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">12279</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2522690-12279</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7383-0588</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/193493217</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-563936"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-95569"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-442705"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">5383</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0018-9456</idno>
                <title level="j">IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">72</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">1-1</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-03-27</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2023-03-27</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1109/TIM.2023.3261909</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Palm-vein identification</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Label enhancement</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Transformer</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Graph convolutional network</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Deep learning</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info">Computer Science [cs]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-cr">Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Vein biometrics is a high security and privacy preserving identification technology that has received increasing attentions. Although deep neural networks (DNNs), such as convolutional neural network (CNN), have been investigated for vein recognition and achieved a significant improvement in accuracy, they still fail to model long-range pixel dependencies in an image. Moreover, their performance is limited because the one-hot label vector employed for training may ignore the relevance among labels. To address these problems, we propose LE-MSVT, a Label Enhancement based Multi-Scale Vein Transformer for palm-vein recognition in this paper. First, we propose a multi-scale vein transformer (MSVT) to learn robust and multi-scale features, which consists of a convolutional block that captures the local information and a self-attention block that extracts scale dependencies among images with different scales. Second, to capture the relevance among labels, we explore a graph convolutional network based label enhancement (GCNLE) approach to recover the realistic label distribution for vein classification improvement. GCNLE exploits a multi-layer perception to learn an effective label correlation matrix for extracting the relation information between an input image and multiple training images from different classes. The label distribution vector is generated and then combined with the one-hot label to compute a realistic label distribution of the input image. Finally, we apply GCNLE to MSVT to obtain LE-MSVT, which is trained in an end-to-end way to further improve the feature representation capacity of MSVT classifier. We conduct extensive experiments in terms of MSVT performance and LE-MSVT improvements on three public palm-vein databases, and the experimental results show that the resulting MSVT outperforms other vein identification approaches and achieves the best performance among existing approaches, and GCNLE can greatly improve the performance of MSVT among other de...</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-237002" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/023rhb549</idno>
          <orgName>Chongqing University [Chongqing]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>131 Yubei Rd, Shapingba, Chongqing</addrLine>
              <country key="CN"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.csc.edu.cn/studyinchina/universitydetailen.aspx?collegeId=116</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-563936" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">238327159</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000502717600</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/042tfbd02</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q48759778</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Polytechnique de Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IP Paris</orgName>
          <date type="start">2019-06-02</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ip-paris.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="department" xml:id="struct-95569" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Département Electronique et Physique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TSP - EPH</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Télécom SudParis - 9 rue Charles Fourier - 91011 Évry Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://eph.telecom-sudparis.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-352124" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302102" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="563936" active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-442705" status="VALID">
          <orgName>ARMEDIA</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ARMEDIA-SAMOVAR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>TELECOM Sudparis 9 rue Charles Fourier 91011 EVRY</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://samovar.telecom-sudparis.eu</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-638" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-352124" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302102" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="563936" active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-352124" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">162347510</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000406406351</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05xvk4r52</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q43305</idno>
          <orgName>Télécom SudParis</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TSP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>9 rue Charles Fourier -91011 Evry Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.telecom-sudparis.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-302102" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="563936" active="#struct-563936" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-302102" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">192427156</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000012202567X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/025vp2923</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q27962533</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IMT</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-03-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>19 Place Marguerite Perey, 91120 Palaiseau</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.imt.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-638" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">281286515</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000403830480</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200319330C</idno>
          <orgName>Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SAMOVAR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Télécom Sudparis, 9 rue Charles Fourier -91011 Evry cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://samovar.telecom-sudparis.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-352124" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302102" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="563936" active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>