<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04029560</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-17T00:52:02+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Serum Stable and Low Hemolytic Temporin-SHa Peptide Analogs Disrupt Cell Membrane of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Rukesh</forename>
                <surname>Maharjan</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2395283-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Arif</forename>
                <forename type="middle">Iftikhar</forename>
                <surname>Khan</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2756841-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Muhammad</forename>
                <surname>Nadeem-Ul-Haque</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2395284-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
                <surname>Maresca</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">2e6b8dfb33255c404f8384803c03a0d3</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">marc-maresca</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1091116</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">404033-1091116</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3585-4765</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/075897687</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-186403"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M</forename>
                <forename type="middle">Iqbal</forename>
                <surname>Choudhary</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2756842-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Farzana</forename>
                <surname>Shaheen</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f072d7088b13b839e098b2bccea6a63c</email>
              <email type="domain">iccs.edu</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1237303</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2395288-1237303</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Shabana</forename>
                <forename type="middle">U</forename>
                <surname>Simjee</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">02678f796cbb0743cab91d0abb67ead3</email>
              <email type="domain">iccs.edu</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1237304</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2756843-1237304</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-842X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>MARC</forename>
                <surname>MARESCA</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">2e6b8dfb33255c404f8384803c03a0d3</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-03-17 10:42:28</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2024-04-11 13:08:14</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-03-17 10:49:18</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2021</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-03-17</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-04029560v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-03-17"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-04029560v1/file/Maharjan%20et%20al.%2C%202022%20authors%20version.pdf" id="file-4029560-3511748">
                <date notBefore="2023-03-17"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="486128">
                <persName>
                  <forename>MARC</forename>
                  <surname>MARESCA</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">2e6b8dfb33255c404f8384803c03a0d3</email>
                <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04029560</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04029560</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">maharjan:hal-04029560</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins&lt;/i&gt;, 2021, 14, pp.391 - 405. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09915-7"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s12602-022-09915-7&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2021, 14, pp.391 - 405. &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s12602-022-09915-7&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-4029560-3511748"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-AMU">Aix Marseille Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EC-MARSEILLE">Ecole Centrale de Marseille</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ISM2">Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INC-CNRS">Institut de Chimie du CNRS</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Serum Stable and Low Hemolytic Temporin-SHa Peptide Analogs Disrupt Cell Membrane of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Rukesh</forename>
                    <surname>Maharjan</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2395283-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Arif</forename>
                    <forename type="middle">Iftikhar</forename>
                    <surname>Khan</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2756841-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Muhammad</forename>
                    <surname>Nadeem-Ul-Haque</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2395284-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
                    <surname>Maresca</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">2e6b8dfb33255c404f8384803c03a0d3</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">marc-maresca</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1091116</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">404033-1091116</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3585-4765</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/075897687</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-186403"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M</forename>
                    <forename type="middle">Iqbal</forename>
                    <surname>Choudhary</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2756842-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Farzana</forename>
                    <surname>Shaheen</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">f072d7088b13b839e098b2bccea6a63c</email>
                  <email type="domain">iccs.edu</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1237303</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2395288-1237303</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Shabana</forename>
                    <forename type="middle">U</forename>
                    <surname>Simjee</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">02678f796cbb0743cab91d0abb67ead3</email>
                  <email type="domain">iccs.edu</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1237304</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2756843-1237304</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-842X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-339526"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">120636</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1867-1306</idno>
                <title level="j">Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins</title>
                <imprint>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">391 - 405</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2021</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/s12602-022-09915-7</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">D-alanine</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">MDR Staphylococcus aureus</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Temporin-SHa</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">MRSA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Bacterial cell membrane</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">AMPs</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="chim.ther">Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) have attracted major attention due to their potential bio-activities against some multidrug resistant pathogens. The present study evaluated the mechanism of actions of highly potent AMP temporin-SHa analogs, i.e., [G4a]-SHa, [G7a]-SHa, and [G10a]-SHa, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) NCTC (13277) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 14.35, 7.16, and 3.58 µM, respectively. These analogs exhibited significant anti-MRSA activity at physiological salt concentration, 30% fetal bovine serum, and 30% human serum. [G4a]-SHa and [G7a]-SHa were non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic to normal mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell and human Caco-2 cell line. Atomic force microscopy revealed that these analogs have profound effect on the morphological changes in MRSA surface with significant leakage of cell cytoplasmic content. Propidium iodide uptake kinetic assay and (bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol) DiBAC 4 (3) membrane depolarization assay demonstrated that these analogs display a membrane disrupting property, characterized by elevation of plasma membrane permeability and rapid transmembrane potential depolarization. [G10a]-SHa showed a significant anti-biofilm activity against biofilm forming S. aureus (ATCC 6538). Acute in vivo toxicity studies revealed that [G10a]-SHa possesses some toxic effect at 100-mg/kg dose. While [G4a]-SHa at 100 mg/ kg, i.p. has no toxic effect even after 48 h, [G7a]-SHa also did not show any toxic effect at the dose of 100 mg/kg, i.p. during 24-h observation of animals. In conclusion, [G4a]-SHa, [G7a]-SHa, and [G10a]-SHa show improved activity against MRSA and stability compared to SHa peptide. Although highly potent, [G10a]-SHa, due to its hemolytic activity, might be more suitable for topical application, whereas [G4a]-SHa and [G7a]-SHa have potential to be used for systemic application.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-339526" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05bbbc791</idno>
          <orgName>University of Karachi</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Main University Road , Karachi - 75270  Sindh, Pakistan</addrLine>
              <country key="PK"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.uok.edu.pk</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-186403" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">182686892</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201220334E</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05xr3b330</idno>
          <orgName>Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ISM2</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus Saint Jérôme Av. escadrille Normandie Niemen BP 531 13397 MARSEILLE CEDEX 20</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://ism2.univ-amu.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR7313" active="#struct-198056" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7313" active="#struct-300415" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-341038" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7313" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-198056" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">15863621X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2176 4817</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/035xkbk20</idno>
          <orgName>Aix Marseille Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">AMU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Aix-Marseille UniversitéJardins du Pharo58 Boulevard Charles Livon13284 Marseille cedex 7</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300415" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1762 2703</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/040baw385</idno>
          <orgName>École Centrale de Marseille</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ECM</orgName>
          <date type="start">2006-09-27</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Pôle de l'étoile - Technopole de Château-Gombert - 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie - 13013 Marseille</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.centrale-marseille.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-341038" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">232435103</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000010626358X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02cte4b68</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INC-CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2009-10-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE3 rue Michel-Ange75794 PARIS CEDEX 16 - France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/inc</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>