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                <title level="j">Viandes et Produits Carnés</title>
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                  <biblScope unit="issue">VPC-2022-3843</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-01-10</date>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">finition</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">viande</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">recherche-action</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mots-clés : race locale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mots-clés : race locale recherche-action viande finition</term>
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              <p>The breeding of local breeds with small or very small numbers of animals is currently attracting renewed interest because it is in line with agro-ecological issues and meets consumer aspirations. This article focuses on the Maraîchine cattle breed, which is currently used for meat production. Within the framework of a research-action project, researchers built a protocol with farmers to evaluate the nutritional and sensory quality of their beef. After presenting the context of the Maraîchine cow farm, the article presents the experimental design and the results obtained. Ten grass-finished beef cattle and 8 concentrate-finished beef cattle from 7 farms were recruited. The analyses were performed on flank steak and focused on the biochemical and metabolic characteristics of the muscle, sensory qualities and rheological properties, intramuscular lipid content and fatty acid composition, and finally, on the antioxidant potential of the meat. Meat is on average richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids and less rich in saturated fatty acids than other meat breeds. The grass finishing diet leads to leaner meats with a better health value. Antioxidant defenses are very high and grass-fed finishing mainly strengthens exogenous antioxidant defenses. Regarding sensory and rheological qualities, grass finishing does not affect the color of the meat but results in a less tender meat despite an increase in juiciness.</p>
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              <p>L’élevage des races locales à petits ou très petits effectifs suscite aujourd’hui un regain d’intérêt car il s’accorde avec les enjeux de l’agroécologie et rencontre les aspirations des consommateurs. Cet article s’intéresse à la race bovine Maraîchine destinée aujourd’hui à la production de viande. Dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche-action, les chercheurs ont construit un protocole avec les éleveurs pour évaluer la qualité nutritionnelle et sensorielle de leur viande bovine. Après avoir présenté le contexte de l’élevage de vaches Maraîchine, l’article présente le dispositif expérimental et les résultats obtenus. Dix bœufs finis à l’herbe et 8 bœufs finis aux concentrés issus de 7 exploitations ont été recrutés. Les analyses ont été faites sur la bavette de flanchet et ont porté sur les caractéristiques biochimiques et métaboliques du muscle, les qualités sensorielles et les propriétés rhéologiques, les teneurs en lipides intramusculaires et leur composition en acides gras, et enfin, sur le potentiel antioxydant des viandes. La bavette de flanchet est en moyenne, par rapport aux autres races à viande, plus riche en acides gras polyinsaturés et moins riche en acides gras saturés. Le régime de finition à l’herbe conduit à des viandes plus maigres avec une meilleure valeur santé. Les défenses antioxydantes sont très élevées et la finition à l’herbe renforce surtout les défenses antioxydantes exogènes. Concernant les qualités sensorielles et rhéologiques, la finition à l’herbe n’impacte pas la couleur de la viande mais aboutit à une viande moins tendre malgré une augmentation de la jutosité.</p>
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