The article returns to a little-known aspect of the views of Gracchus Babeuf, most famous for his central role in the Conspiration of Equals in 1796 : his sensitivity to the unfortunate female condition of his time and his egalitarian view on gender relations. In Babeuf's view, the demand for equal rights for all in their socio-economic dimension naturally leads to a conception that could be described as feminist avant la lettre, with in particular the demand for an equivalent, if not strictly identical, education for men and women, which would finally allow the latter to develop all their intellectual and artistic faculties. The coherence of Babeuf's views on these issues distinguishes him from the opinions of Rousseau, who was one of his main sources of inspiration, and highlights the paradoxes of the author of the Emile.