<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04000231</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-21T08:20:04+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">The Global Growth and Evolution of Organic Agriculture</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">John</forename>
                <surname>Paull</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">859d3601596df4b5bfecab2e0063820d</email>
              <email type="domain">utas.edu.au</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1004550</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1152151-1004550</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-303249"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>John</forename>
                <surname>Paull</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">ce1885837784eb8dbcf5b8db869fe746</email>
              <email type="domain">mail.com</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-02-22 10:46:58</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-02-20 18:01:45</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-03-27 13:36:21</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-02-01</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-02-22</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-04000231v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-02-22"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-04000231v1/file/Paull2023.Ch1.BookOrganicFarming.pdf" id="file-4000231-3486516">
                <date notBefore="2023-02-22"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="511092">
                <persName>
                  <forename>John</forename>
                  <surname>Paull</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">ce1885837784eb8dbcf5b8db869fe746</email>
                <email type="domain">mail.com</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04000231</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04000231</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">paull:hal-04000231</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">J. N. Bhakta &amp; S. Rana. &lt;i&gt;Research Advancements in Organic Farming&lt;/i&gt;, pp.1-17, 2023, 979-8-88697-519-2. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7659284"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.5281/zenodo.7659284&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">J. N. Bhakta &amp; S. Rana. Research Advancements in Organic Farming, pp.1-17, 2023, 979-8-88697-519-2. &amp;#x27E8;10.5281/zenodo.7659284&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 - Attribution<ref corresp="#file-4000231-3486516"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SDE">Sciences De l'Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ORGANICEPRINTS">Organic Eprints Collection</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">The Global Growth and Evolution of Organic Agriculture</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">John</forename>
                    <surname>Paull</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">859d3601596df4b5bfecab2e0063820d</email>
                  <email type="domain">utas.edu.au</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1004550</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1152151-1004550</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-303249"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="isbn">979-8-88697-519-2</idno>
                <title level="m">Research Advancements in Organic Farming</title>
                <editor>J. N. Bhakta &amp; S. Rana</editor>
                <imprint>
                  <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">1-17</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-02-01</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.7659284</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">synthetic pesticides</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">irradiation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">genetically modified organisms</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">nanotechnology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">consumers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">synthetic fertilisers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">world map</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Lord Northbourne</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Koberwitz</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Rudolf Steiner</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Fritz Haber</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">organic farming</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sde">Environmental Sciences</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv">Life Sciences [q-bio]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The de facto organic agriculture of millennia was disrupted by the arrival of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides. The industrial-scale chemical explosives and poison gas production of World War 1 was, post war, promptly re-purposed as farm chemicals, synthetic fertilisers and pesticides. In 1924, the New Age philosopher, Dr Rudolf Steiner, called for a differentiated agriculture which eschewed synthetic chemicals, and relied on nature and biology rather than chemistry. By 1938, his Experimental Circle of devotees had tested and evolved his ideas into 'biodynamic farming'. Influenced by Rudolf Steiner's concept that 'the farm is an organism', Lord Northbourne coined the term 'organic farming', and, in 1940, he published 'Look to the Land', a manifesto of organic agriculture. He posited a contest of chemical agriculture versus organic farming, a contest that he foresaw may rage for decades or centuries. In the decades that followed, advocacy groups for biodynamics and organics proliferated. Five such entities (from France, Sweden, United Kingdom, South Africa and USA) came together in 1972 to form the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Organic agriculture is now practised in 187 countries, accounts for 72.3 million hectares of agriculture land, and is valued at US$123 billion per annum. Organic agriculture production has evolved to presently exclude: (i) synthetic fertilisers; (ii) synthetic pesticides; (iii)  antibiotics and synthetic medications; (iv) irradiation; (v) genetically modified organisms (GMOs); and (vi) nanotechnology. Consumers report that they purchase organic food because it is better for them, better for their children, better for the environment, and better for animals. Certification has enabled the wide geographic distribution of organic produce. Organic agriculture is growing at 11.5% per annum, and has been growing at this rate over the past two decades. Organic agriculture is thriving as a niche agriculture, accounting for 1.5% of global agriculture. Can it achieve the vision of the early advocates of organic agriculture to become the mainstream agriculture? The Indian state of Sikkim is now 100% organic. A longitudinal graph of the growth trajectory, and a world map of the distribution of organic agriculture, are presented.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303249" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01nfmeh72</idno>
          <orgName>University of Tasmania [Hobart]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UTAS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Hobart TAS 7005, Australie</addrLine>
              <country key="AU"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.utas.edu.au/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>