Fast Algorithms for Discrete Differential Equations
Résumé
Discrete Differential Equations (DDEs) are functional equations
that relate algebraically a power series F (t, u) in t with polynomial
coefficients in a “catalytic” variable u and the specializations, say
at u = 1, of F (t, u) and of some of its partial derivatives in u. DDEs
occur frequently in combinatorics, especially in map enumeration.
If a DDE is of fixed-point type then its solution F (t, u) is unique, and
a general result by Popescu (1986) implies that F (t, u) is an algebraic
power series. Constructive proofs of algebraicity for solutions of
fixed-point type DDEs were proposed in 2006 by Bousquet-Mélou
and Jehanne. Last year, Bostan et al. initiated a systematic algo-
rithmic study of such DDEs of order 1. We generalize this study to
DDEs of arbitrary order. First, we propose nontrivial extensions of
algorithms based on polynomial elimination and on the guess-and-
prove paradigm. Second, we design two brand-new algorithms that
exploit the special structure of the underlying polynomial systems.
Last, but not least, we report on implementations that are able to
solve highly challenging DDEs with a combinatorial origin.
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