The city of Termez in the Middle Ages and its importance in the flooding of the Amu Darya
Résumé
The first civilization of the Central Asian region appeared and developed in the Amou Darya and its surroundings. Many colonies, fortresses, and towns have sprung up over the centuries along the banks of the river. Termez is well known as one of the most important cities of the Amu Darya waterway in ancient and medieval times. The article discusses the development of the city of Termez in the Middle Ages and the role of the Amou Darya in this process. It is important to study the role of Termez, which has its own port, in the development of regional navigation, as well as its role in economic and cultural relations along the river. For this study, it is important to determine whether there are archaeological finds that confirm the information of historical written sources, and what aspects of these finds mainly serve to clarify the history of Termez. The article also analyzes the development of waterways and shipping professions in the Middle Ages in the city. Research is based on medieval Arabic, Persian, and ancient Turkic sources, as well as the results of archaeological excavations in Termez.