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The Effect of Thermal Stress on the Physiology and Bacterial Communities of Two Key Mediterranean Gorgonians
10.1128/aem.02340-21
Romie Tignat-Perrier
Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water
Dorian Guillemain
Didier Aurelle
Denis Allemand
Christine Ferrier-Pag猫s
Invertebrate Microbiology
Invertebrate Microbiology
antioxidant
coral
gorgonian
microbiota
octocoral
physiology
thermal stress
upwelling
American Society for Microbiology
Tignat-Perrier et al.
Copyright 漏 2022 Tignat-Perrier et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
20220322
2022
ABSTRACT
Gorgonians are important habitat-providing species in the Mediterranean Sea, but their populations are declining due to microbial diseases and repeated mass mortality events caused by summer heat waves. Elevated seawater temperatures may impact the stress tolerance and disease resistance of gorgonians and lead to disturbances in their microbiota. However, our knowledge of the biological response of the gorgonian holobiont (i.e., the host and its microbiota) to thermal stress remains limited. Here, we investigated how the holobiont of two gorgonian species (Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella cavolini) are affected throughout a 7-week thermal stress event by following both the corals鈥 physiology and the composition of their bacterial communities. We found that P. clavata was more sensitive to elevated seawater temperatures than E. cavolini, showing a greater loss in energy reserves, reduced feeding ability, and partial mortality. This lower thermotolerance may be linked to the 鈭20脳 lower antioxidant defense capacity in P. clavata compared with E. cavolini. In the first 4 weeks of thermal stress, we also observed minor shifts in the microbiota of both species, suggesting that the microbiota likely plays a limited role in thermal acclimation of the holobiont. However, major stochastic changes occurred later on in some colonies, which were of a transient nature in E. cavolini, but were linked to partial colony mortality in P. clavata. Overall, our results show significant, but differential, effects of thermal stress on the holobionts of both E. cavolini and P. clavata and predict potentially severe impacts on gorgonian populations under future climate scenarios.
IMPORTANCE In the Mediterranean Sea, the tree-shaped gorgonian corals form large forests that provide a place to live for many species. Because of this important ecological role, it is crucial to understand how common habitat-forming gorgonians, like Eunicella cavolini and Paramuricea clavata, are affected by high seawater temperatures that are expected in the future due to climate change. We found that both species lost biomass, but P. clavata was more affected, being also unable to feed and showing signs of mortality. The microbiota of both gorgonians also changed substantively under high temperatures. Although this could be linked to partial colony mortality in P. clavata, the changes were temporary in E. cavolini. The overall higher resistance of E. cavolini may be related to its much higher antioxidant defense levels than P. clavata. Climate change may thus have severe impacts on gorgonian populations and the habitats they provide.
20211202
20220119
1098-5336
Adobe LiveCycle PDF Generator; modified using iText庐 5.5.13.2 漏2000-2020 iText Group NV (AGPL-version)2023-03-17T06:45:33-07:00
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