Jezero Crater Floor and Delta Chemistry and Mineralogy Observed by SuperCam in the First 1.5 Years of the Perseverance Rover Mission
Roger C Wiens
(1)
,
Sylvestre Maurice
(2)
,
Samuel Clegg
(3)
,
Agnès Cousin
(2)
,
Erwin Dehouck
(4)
,
Arya Udry
(5)
,
Olivier Beyssac
(6)
,
Cathy Quantin-Nataf
(4)
,
Nicolas Mangold
(7)
,
Lucia Mandon
(8)
,
Olivier Forni
(2)
,
Karim Benzerara
(9)
,
Jeffrey Roy Johnson
(10)
,
Ryan Anderson
(11)
,
Patrick Gasda
(3)
,
Clément Royer
(8)
,
Juan Manuel Madariaga
(12)
,
Kepa Castro Ortiz De Pinedo
(12)
,
Gorka Arana
(12)
,
Pierre-Yves Meslin
(2)
,
Ann Ollila
(3)
,
Carey Legett
(3)
,
François Poulet
(13)
,
Shiv Sharma
(14)
,
Jade Comellas
(15)
,
Baptiste Chide
(3)
,
Tayro Acosta-Maeda
(15)
,
Elise Clave
(16)
,
Elisabeth Hausrath
(5)
,
Justin Simon
(17)
,
Tanja Bosak
(18)
,
Adrian Brown
(19, 20)
,
Javier Laserna
(21)
,
César Alvarez
(21)
,
Jérémie Lasue
(2)
,
Edward Cloutis
(22)
,
Gwénaël Caravaca
(2)
,
Stephanie Connell
(22)
,
Uriah Wolf
(22)
,
Sahejpal Sidhu
(22)
,
Nathalie Turenne
(22)
,
Amanda Ostwald
(5)
,
Stéphane Le Mouélic
(7)
,
Guillermo Lopez-Reyes
(23)
,
José Manrique
(23)
,
Marco Veneranda
(23)
,
Paolo Pilleri
(2)
,
Thierry Fouchet
(8)
,
Cédric Pilorget
(13)
,
Travis Gabriel
(24)
,
Erin Gibbons
(25)
,
Nina Lanza
(3)
,
Carene Larmat
(3)
,
Briony Horgan
(1)
,
Marion Nachon
(26)
,
William Rapin
(2)
,
Henry Manelski
(27)
,
Jesus Martinez-Frias
(28)
,
Patrick Pinet
(2)
1
EAPS -
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette]
2 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
3 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
4 LGL-TPE - Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement
5 WGU Nevada - University of Nevada [Las Vegas]
6 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
7 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112]
8 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics
9 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
10 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
11 USGS - United States Geological Survey
12 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
13 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
14 University of Hawaii
15 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]
16 CELIA - Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications
17 JSC - NASA Johnson Space Center
18 EAPS - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge]
19 NASA Headquarters
20 Plancius Research LLC
21 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]
22 University of Winnipeg
23 UVa - Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid]
24 Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff]
25 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]
26 Texas A&M University [Galveston]
27 Purdue University [West Lafayette]
28 IGEO - Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid]
2 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
3 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
4 LGL-TPE - Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement
5 WGU Nevada - University of Nevada [Las Vegas]
6 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
7 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112]
8 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics
9 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
10 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
11 USGS - United States Geological Survey
12 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
13 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
14 University of Hawaii
15 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]
16 CELIA - Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications
17 JSC - NASA Johnson Space Center
18 EAPS - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge]
19 NASA Headquarters
20 Plancius Research LLC
21 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]
22 University of Winnipeg
23 UVa - Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid]
24 Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff]
25 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]
26 Texas A&M University [Galveston]
27 Purdue University [West Lafayette]
28 IGEO - Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid]
Roger C Wiens
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Sylvestre Maurice
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Agnès Cousin
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Olivier Beyssac
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Cathy Quantin-Nataf
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Lucia Mandon
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Karim Benzerara
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Pierre-Yves Meslin
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Ann Ollila
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Gwénaël Caravaca
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Stéphane Le Mouélic
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Thierry Fouchet
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Cédric Pilorget
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Patrick Pinet
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Résumé
Jezero crater was chosen for exploration and sample collection by Perseverance due to its history as a lake with river deltas, its diverse mineralogy, including carbonates observed from orbit, and as a potential site to calibrate crater counting ages with radiometric dates of samples to be returned to Earth. This presentation focuses on the results of SuperCam, which uses LIBS for remote elemental chemistry, VISIR and remote Raman spectroscopy for mineral compositions and alteration, includes a microphone, and performs high-resolution imaging for textures and morphology. In the first year after landing, SuperCam and other instruments were used to explore Jezero’s floor. We found that all of the floor units are igneous, with lava flows comprising the upper units as part of the Máaz formation, while the lower formation, Séítah, is an olivine cumulate, produced by gravitational settling of olivine crystals in a large melt body. Artuby ridge, just outside the SW portion of Séítah and stratigraphically just above it, contains up to 60% pyroxene. The upper portions of the Máaz formation are more enriched in plagioclase, with the uppermost Ch’al member having the most evolved composition, along with the Content member, pitted rocks directly overlying the main cumulate portion of Séítah. After exploring the floor, Perseverance drove to the delta formation and began a walk-about style of observations starting at Enchanted Lake, just below an arm of the delta formation, and then moving into Hawksbill Gap, climbing 18 m in elevation between Devil’s Tanyard, Sunset Hill, and Hogwallow flats. Delta compositions initially displayed higher phyllosilicate contents, identified by absorptions at 1.4, 1.9, and 2.3 µm, and by higher LIBS H peak areas. Farther up, compositions changed to sulfur-bearing in lower locations within the continuous fine-grained light-toned strata (e.g., Pignut Mountain, Sol 463) and carbonate-rich in upper strata. Veins were observed, consisting of Mg-Fe carbonate (Elder Ridge, Sol 459) and anhydrite (Reid’s Gap, Sol 466). The sulfates suggest precipitation of these salts at a later stage, as the lake was evaporating. Carbonates and sulfates in veins in different locations indicate that groundwater was active in the lithified sediments and had significantly different chemistry at different intervals.