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            <title xml:lang="fr">La discrimination systémique : peut-on repenser les outils de la non-discrimination en Europe ?</title>
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                <forename type="first">Marie</forename>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">La discrimination systémique : peut-on repenser les outils de la non-discrimination en Europe ?</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">discrimination</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">systemic discrimination</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">class actions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">proactive obligations</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">transformative remedies</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">transformation organisationnelle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">réglementation proactive</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">recours collectifs</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">discrimination systémique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">discrimination</term>
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              <p>Unlike Canada and the United States, the notion of systemic discrimination is not included in French law even though the adoption of a French “class action” has raised the issue of structural discrimination, notably in employment. However, European and French law offer examples of decisions where judges seem to grasp this more complex form of inequality that combines direct and indirect discrimination and can reveal its nature. Systemic discrimination might require systemic solutions and gives the opportunity to revisit anti-discrimination law as a whole.</p>
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              <p>À la différence du Canada ou des États-Unis, la notion de discrimination systémique n’est pas inscrite dans le droit positif français même si l’adoption de l’action de groupe a fait émerger la question des discriminations structurelles, notamment dans l’emploi. Pourtant, le droit européen et le droit français offrent déjà des exemples où les juges semblent appréhender implicitement cette dimension plus complexe de l’inégalité qui peut combiner les discriminations directes et indirectes et en révèlent sans doute sa nature. Se pose ensuite la question de l’intérêt d’une lutte contre ces discriminations systémiques au regard d’outils juridiques qui embrasseraient un cadre d’analyse de portée équivalente et des fonctions revisitées de la non-discrimination.</p>
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