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            <title xml:lang="fr">Psychiatres normatifs vs. trans' subversifs? Controverse autour des parcours de changement de sexe</title>
            <title xml:lang="en" type="sub">Normative Psychiatrists vs. Subversive Trans? A Controversy around Sex Change</title>
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                <forename type="first">Emmanuel</forename>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Raisons politiques&lt;/i&gt;, 2016, 2 (62)</idno>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="CESSP" corresp="EHESS">Centre européen de sociologie et de science politique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="USPC">Université Sorbonne Paris Cité</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Psychiatres normatifs vs. trans' subversifs? Controverse autour des parcours de changement de sexe</title>
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                <title level="j">Raisons politiques</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">gender</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">sciences</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">médecine</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">queer</term>
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              <p>The contemporary public debate on sex changes opposes experts by profession and experts by group membership. To be able to access hormones and surgeries, trans individuals have to go through a compulsory psychiatric evaluation. Given this constraining healthcare path, trans organizations claim free access to the treatment. Behind this controversy is a division regarding gender norm. The diagnosis process includes a “real life test” during which the individuals have to live full time in their chosen sex. The postulate behind this exam is that a person’s social behavior depends on his or her sex. Inspired by queer feminist studies, trans organizations condemn this protocol based on gender stereotypes. From a pragmatic sociological standpoint, this article highlights the contingencies and the contradictions of the two groups of actors by going back to the emergence of their points of view. The demonstration then shifts to critical sociology as it does not think gender as an element of the debate anymore, but as an analytical tool of both kinds of expertise. This epistemological transition enables to unveil unexpected homologies that question once more the terms of the controversy.</p>
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              <p>Le débat public contemporain sur les changements de sexe oppose des experts par profession à des experts par appartenance. Avant de pouvoir accéder aux hormones et aux chirurgies, les trans’ sont soumis à une longue évaluation psychiatrique. Face à ce parcours de soins contraignant, ils militent pour le libre accès au traitement. Derrière cette controverse, il y a un clivage qui a trait au genre. La procédure diagnostique comprend un « test de vie réelle » pendant lequel il faut vivre à plein temps dans son sexe de destination, l’implicite étant que le comportement social d’une personne est fonction de son sexe. S’inscrivant majoritairement dans une approche issue des études féministes queers, les associations condamnent ce dispositif qui véhicule des stéréotypes de genre. A travers un regard sociologique pragmatique, cet article met en évidence les contingences et les contradictions des deux groupes d’acteurs en s’intéressant aux conditions d’émergence de leurs points de vue respectifs. La démonstration s’oriente ensuite vers la sociologie critique en faisant du genre non plus un élément du débat, mais un prisme d’analyse de chacune des deux expertises. Cette transition épistémologique permet d’identifier des homologies inattendues qui achèvent de questionner les termes de la polémique.</p>
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