The adsorption of antibiotics on minerals is an important process in their environment behavior. The adsorption behavior of antibiotics on iron-containing minerals and the effect of coexisting cations and anions were studied in this work. Magnetite, hematite, goethite and kaolin were selected as the representative minerals and characterized by SEM, XRD and BET. A total of eight antibiotics, including three quinolones, three sulfonamides and two mycins were chosen as the research targets. Results showed a higher adsorption amount of quinolones than that of sulfonamides and mycins on the surface of iron-containing minerals in most mineral systems. The adsorption isotherms of quinolones can be well fitted using the Freundlich models. The effects of five cations and five anions on the adsorption of quinolones were investigated, among which Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , HCO 3 − and H 2 PO 4 − mainly showed significant inhibition on the adsorption, while the effects of K + , Na + , NH 4 + , Cl − , NO 3 − and SO 4 2− showed less. Natural surface water samples were also collected and used as media to investigate the adsorption behavior of quinolones on iron-containing minerals. The buffering capacity of the natural water kept the reaction solution at circumneutral conditions, and the adsorption amount was mostly promoted in the goethite system (from 0.56~0.78 µmol/g to 0.52~1.43 µmol/g), but was inhibited in the other systems (magnetite: from 1.13~1.33 µmol/g to 0.45~0.76 µmol/g; hematite: from 0.52~0.65 µmol/g to 0.02~0.18 µmol/g; kaolin: from 1.98~1.99 µmol/g to 0.90~1.40 µmol/g). The results in this work help to further understand the transportation and fate of antibiotics in an aqueous environment.