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            <title xml:lang="en">A pumping system fed by hybrid photovoltaic-wind sources without battery storage Bond graph modeling, control and energy management</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">A pumping system fed by hybrid photovoltaic-wind sources without battery storage Bond graph modeling, control and energy management</title>
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              <p>This paper studies an original energy management system with control strategy dedicated to an autonomous pumping system fed by a hybrid (photovoltaic and wind) generator without battery storage. A systemic approach is developed to reduce complexity and to analyze the system which involves multi-domains with strong couplings. The Bond Graph formalism is then used for the system modeling. In order to validate the simulation model, an experimental system has been set up and tested under various conditions. A power based analysis is developed to understand the system behavior. Finally, control strategies are deduced allowing a “storageless” energy management of the pumping system fed along given sun and wind conditions.</p>
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