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Article Dans Une Revue Vacuum Année : 2022

Vacuum evaporation and expansion of pure metals at high temperature: Application to titanium and zirconium

Résumé

The evaporation of metallic elements in vacuum metallurgy is an issue of great industrial concern. It is well known that a rarefied gas atmosphere raises the evaporation of the liquid metal at high temperature. The net flux of evaporation must then be accurately predicted i.e. the deviation from the Langmuir law because of the recondensation flux of the metallic vapour on the molten bath. The objective of this study is an experimental and theoretical evaluation of the net evaporation rate in the case of two reactive metals at high temperature, one (Zr) with a low vapour pressure whereas the second (Ti) exhibits a relatively higher vapour pressure. An experimental device has been set up in order to measure under usual industrial conditions (10−2 Pa) the evaporation fluxes as well as the expansion of the metallic vapour. In parallel, a particle simulation of the experiments compares the behaviour of the vapour for weak (Zr) and medium (Ti) collisional regimes. Experimental and numerical results testify to the validity of the Knudsen cosine evaporation law with a n exponent equal to 1 for Zr and 2 for Ti.

Domaines

Matériaux

Dates et versions

Licence

Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification

Identifiants

Citer

Thomas Poullain, Jean-Pierre Bellot, Julien Jourdan, Isabelle Crassous, Alain Jardy. Vacuum evaporation and expansion of pure metals at high temperature: Application to titanium and zirconium. Vacuum, 2022, 203, pp.111209. ⟨10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111209⟩. ⟨hal-03845487⟩
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