This chapter addresses trading platforms, which are a fundamental piece in the implementation of the peer-to-peer model. It first describes certain economic issues of energy platforms on the basis of economic modelling and analysis. Motivations for the emergence of peer-to-peer energy trading, along with challenges and specificities, are also presented and discussed. Finally, using an economic analysis on peer-to-peer trading and prosuming, the authors show how incentives to install individual production units (such as rooftop photovoltaic panels) are modified according to the features of peer-to-peer trading platforms. The main result is that peer-to-peer platforms create more incentives, except in the case of autarkic platforms.