This chapter outlines the emergence of self-consumption and more specifically collective self-consumption between 2017 and 2019 in France. Following the gradual abandonment of feed-in tariffs, self-consumption is a new agencement for the production and exchange of photovoltaic electricity. The new framing of PV electricity provided by self-consumption is examined, highlighting its advantages and risks, along with the way in which its collective dimension has been introduced in France. It is evident that the collective self-consumption system has spawned wide enthusiasm while there are also concerns regarding its ability to challenge some of the political and economic foundations of the electricity grid.