The chapter presents a comparative approach to legal regimes of collective self-consumption operations (France, Germany and Spain). It examines their relationship to the concepts of “local energy communities” and “renewable energy communities” developed by the new European energy law. Considering the modification of the roles of the different energy actors, the analysis of the local governance modes of the electricity systems by the legal regime of collective self-consumption operations and their perspective on the European energy communities characterises two indicators. These two indicators of what could be local governance of electricity in the sense of procedural energy justice are, first the creation of a direct producer/consumer relationship, then the local dimension of this relationship. If collective self-consumption does not fully meet these two indicators, European energy communities seem to create a more favourable framework.