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              <p>Blockchain revolutionized the transfer of assets in the 21st century and enabled the creation and wide adoption of cryptocurrencies. Despite the great success of cryptocurrencies, consensus protocols' low performance makes their adoption as a daily payment method infeasible. Other factors that inhibit the advancement of cryptocurrencies as an alternative payment method are the high confirmation latency and the high value of fees. Thus, the Payment Channel Network (PCN) technology presents a fast and secure solution to the blockchain scalability problem. Payment channel networks introduce a new way of transacting, displaying high transaction throughput by minimizing the number of transactions recorded at the blockchain. This chapter addresses the payment channel networks technology to provide an efficient and agile cryptocurrencies transfer. We present a hands-on activity that uses PCNsim, a modular simulator of payment channel networks developed by GTA (Grupo de Teleinformática e Automação). The goal of this chapter is to demonstrate the key concepts of payment channel networks and associate these concepts with research challenges in computer networks and information security. It is expected that, by the end of the chapter, the readers will master the fundamentals of payment channel networks and develop skills to identify their advantages and disadvantages critically. Moreover, readers are expected to understand the challenges related to privacy and routing and be on the cutting-edge of the technology to foster high-level research in the area.</p>
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              <p>A corrente de blocos revolucionou a transferência de ativos no século XXI e permitiu a criação e a ampla adoção de criptomoedas. Apesar do grande sucesso das criptomoedas, o baixo desempenho dos protocolos de consenso utilizados ainda dificulta sua adoção como método de pagamento no dia-a-dia.  Outros fatores que impedem o avanço das criptomoedas como método de pagamento alternativo são a alta latência de confirmação e o alto valor das taxas. Assim, a tecnologia de rede de canais de pagamento (\textit{Payment Channel Network} - PCN) apresenta uma solução rápida e segura para o problema da escalabilidade da corrente de blocos. As redes de canais de pagamento introduzem uma nova maneira de transacionar, exibindo alta vazão de transações ao minimizar o número de transações que vão para a corrente de blocos. Este capítulo aborda de forma prática a tecnologia de redes de canais de pagamentos para prover a troca eficiente e ágil de criptomoedas. A atividade prática utiliza o PCNsim, um simulador modular de redes de canais de pagamento desenvolvido pelo GTA (Grupo de Teleinformática e Automação). O objetivo deste capítulo é demonstrar os fundamentos-chave das redes de canais de pagamento e relacionar esses conceitos aos desafios de pesquisa em redes de computadores e segurança da informação. Espera-se que, ao final do capítulo, seus participantes dominem os fundamentos de redes de canais de pagamentos, desenvolvendo as habilidades de identificar de forma crítica as suas vantagens e desvantagens. Mais ainda, espera-se que os participantes entendam os desafios relacionados à privacidade e roteamento e estejam na vanguarda da tecnologia para promover pesquisas de alto nível na área.</p>
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