Engaging children in activities and in verbal interactions: a typology of the strategies by early-childhood professionals in child-care centers
Résumé
This paper addresses the strategies developed by infant-toddler educators in daycare centres in
order to engage children in verbal interactions.
According to an interactionist framework, involvement in various activities provide children with
the communicative and linguistic experience that is necessary for their language acquisition and its
usages (Bruner, 1983; François, 1990; Veneziano, 2005). In childcare centres, not all children
participate in the same way in the different interactions. One of the challenges for professionals is
to succeed in integrating every child into these activities and, thus, allowing her to benefit from this
experience for her language acquisition (Dickinson & Porche, 2011; Rhyner et al., 2012). This goal
is all the more crucial when we consider early communicational and linguistic disparities among
children and their repercussions, later, in literacy and school learning skills (Rescorla & Dale,
2013).
Our study was conducted on a corpus of video data of professional-children interactions (50 hours)
in four childcare centres. Children were aged from 0;4 to 3. Professionals had different educational
backgrounds and skill training. The analysis focused on those sequences where one or several
children stayed in the background with respect to an ongoing activity. These sequences were
categorized according to the interactional frame (dyadic or polyadic), the type of the activity
(whether involving discourse or not) and the linguistic-practices entailed (e.g. description of the
world, language and/or task scaffolding, involving the child).
The interactional moves aiming to facilitate those children’s involvement into the activity were
analyzed according to their modality (verbal, non verbal, bimodal) and their functions (e.g.
invitation, questioning, explanation, phatic moves, demonstration, attention getter, back channel
and the crossing of pragmatic cues). The outcome of these strategies in terms of children’s
participation was also assessed. These analyses lead to the definition of a typology of the strategies
developed by the early-childhood professionals.
The discussion will focus on the role and impact of these linguistic practices on children’s
participation in verbal interactions with adults and with other children. The results of this study
will also be discussed for their applied implications since it aims to offer professionals elements of
reflection on their own practices and representations (Davis & Torr, 2016).
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