Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator - HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Article dans une revue Nuclear Fusion Année : 2017

Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

R. C. Wolf (1) , A. Ali (1) , A. Alonso (2) , J. Baldzuhn (1) , C. Beidler (1) , M. Beurskens (1) , C. Biedermann (1) , H.-S. Bosch (1) , S. Bozhenkov (1) , R. Brakel (1) , A. Dinklage (1) , Y. Feng (1) , G. Fuchert (1) , J. Geiger (1) , O. Grulke (1) , P. Helander (1) , M. Hirsch (1) , U. Höfel (1) , M. Jakubowski (1) , J. P. Knauer (1) , G. Kocsis (3) , R. König (1) , P. Kornejew (1) , A. Krämer-Flecken (4) , M. Krychowiak (1) , M. Landreman (5) , A. Langenberg (1) , H. P. Laqua (1) , S. Lazerson (6) , H. Maaßberg (1) , S. Marsen (1) , M. Marushchenko (1) , D. Moseev (1) , Hasso B. Niemann (1) , N. Pablant (6) , E. Pasch (1) , K. Rahbarnia (1) , G. Schlisio (1) , T. Stange (1) , T. Sunn Pedersen (1) , J. Svensson (1) , T. Szepesi (3) , H. Trimino Mora (1) , Y. Turkin (1) , T. Wauters (7) , G. Weir (1) , U. Wenzel (1) , T. Windisch (1) , G. Wurden (8) , D. Zhang (1) , I. Abramovic (1) , S. Äkäslompolo (1) , P. Aleynikov (1) , K. Aleynikova (1) , R. Alzbutas (9) , G. Anda (3) , T. Andreeva (1) , E. Ascasibar (2) , J. Assmann (4) , S.-G. Baek (10) , M. Banduch (1) , T. Barbui (11) , M. Barlak (12) , K. Baumann (13) , W. Behr (4) , A. Benndorf (1) , O. Bertuch (4) , W. Biel (4) , D. Birus (1) , B. Blackwell (14) , E. Blanco (2) , M. Blatzheim (1) , T. Bluhm (1) , D. Böckenhoff (1) , P. Bolgert (6) , M. Borchardt (1) , V. Borsuk (4) , J. Boscary (15) , L.-G. Böttger (1) , H. Brand (16) , Ch. Brandt (1) , T. Bräuer (1) , H. Braune (1) , S. Brezinsek (4) , K.-J. Brunner (1) , B. Brünner (1) , R. Burhenn (1) , B. Buttenschön (1) , V. Bykov (1) , I. Calvo (2) , B. Cannas (17) , A. Cappa (2) , A. Carls (1) , L. Carraro (18) , B. Carvalho (19) , F. Castejon (2) , A. Charl (4) , F. Chernyshev (20) , M. Cianciosa (21) , R. Citarella (22) , L. Ciupinski (23) , G. Claps (24) , M. Cole (1) , M. J. Cole (21) , F. Cordella (24) , G. Cseh (3) , A. Czarnecka (25) , A. Czermak (26) , K. Czerski (27) , M. Czerwinski (15) , G. Czymek (4) , A. da Molin (28) , A. da Silva (19) , G. Dammertz (13) , J. Danielson (29) , A. de la Pena (2) , S. Degenkolbe (1) , P. Denner (4) , D. P. Dhard (1) , M. Dostal (4) , M. Drevlak (1) , P. Drewelow (1) , Ph. Drews (4) , A. Dudek (1) , G. Dundulis (9) , F. Durodie (7) , P. van Eeten (1) , F. Effenberg (11) , G. Ehrke (1) , M. Endler (1) , D. Ennis (30) , E. Erckmann (1) , H. Esteban (2) , T. Estrada (2) , N. Fahrenkamp (1) , J.-H. Feist (1) , J. Fellinger (1) , H. Fernandes (19) , W. H. Fietz (13) , W. Figacz (25) , J. Fontdecaba (2) , O. Ford (1) , T. Fornal (25) , H. Frerichs (11) , A. Freund (4) , M. Führer (31) , T. Funaba (32) , A. Galkowski (25) , G. Gantenbein (13) , Yu Gao (4) , J. García Regaña (2) , M. Garcia-Munoz (2) , D. Gates (6) , G. Gawlik (12) , B. Geiger (1) , V. Giannella (22) , N. Gierse (4) , A. Gogoleva (33) , B. Goncalves (19) , A. Goriaev (7) , D. Gradic (1) , M. Grahl (1) , John J. Green (11) , A. Grosman (34) , H. Grote (1) , M. Gruca (25) , C. Guerard (2) , L. Haiduk (26) , X. Han (4) , F. Harberts (4) , J. H. Harris (21) , H.-J. Hartfuß (1) , D. Hartmann (1) , D. Hathiramani (1) , B. Hein (1) , B. Heinemann (15) , P. Heitzenroeder (6) , S. Henneberg (1) , C. Hennig (1) , J. Hernandez Sanchez (2) , C. Hidalgo (2) , H. Hölbe (1) , K. P. Hollfeld (4) , A. Hölting (1) , D. Höschen (4) , M. Houry (34) , J. Howard (14) , X. Huang (32) , M. Huber (13) , V. Huber (35) , H. Hunger (13) , K. Ida (32) , T. Ilkei (3) , S. Illy (13) , B. Israeli (6) , A. Ivanov (36) , S. Jablonski (25) , J. Jagielski (12) , J. Jelonnek (13) , H. Jenzsch (1) , P. Junghans (15) , J. Kacmarczyk (25) , T. Kaliatka (9) , J.-P. Kallmeyer (1) , U. Kamionka (1) , R. Karalevicius (9) , H. Kasahara (32) , W. Kasparek (37) , N. Kenmochi (32) , M. Keunecke (38) , A. Khilchenko (36) , D. Kinna (35) , R. Kleiber (1) , T. Klinger (1) , M. Knaup (4) , Th. Kobarg (13) , F. Köchl (39) , Y. Kolesnichenko (40) , A. Könies (1) , M. Köppen (1) , J. Koshurinov (41) , R. Koslowski (4) , F. Köster (42) , R. Koziol (12) , M. Kramer (37) , R. Krampitz (1) , P. Kraszewsk (12) , N. Krawczyk (25) , T. Kremeyer (11) , Th. Krings (4) , J. Krom (1) , G. Krzesinski (23) , I. Ksiazek (43) , M. Kubkowska (25) , G. Kühner (1) , T. Kurki-Suonio (44) , S. Kwak (1) , R. Lang (13) , S. Langish (6) , R. Laube (1) , C. Lechte (37) , M. Lennartz (4) , W. Leonhardt (13) , L. Lewerentz (1) , Yan-Chun Liang (4) , Ch. Linsmeier (4) , S. Liu (4) , J.-F. Lobsien (1) , D. Loesser (6) , J. Loizu Cisquella (1) , J. Lore (21) , A. Lorenz (1) , M. Losert (13) , L. Lubyako (41) , A. Lücke (45) , A. Lumsdaine (21) , V. Lutsenko (40) , J. Majano-Brown (10) , O. Marchuk (4) , M. Mardenfeld (6) , P. Marek (23) , S. Massidda (30) , S. Masuzaki (32) , D. Maurer (30) , K. Mccarthy (2) , P. Mcneely (1) , A. Meier (13) , D. Mellein (13) , B. Mendelevitch (15) , Ph. Mertens (4) , D. Mikkelsen (6) , O. Mishchenko (1) , B. Missal (1) , J. Mittelstaedt (6) , T. Mizuuchi (46) , A. Mollen (1) , V. Moncada (34) , T. Mönnich (1) , T. Morizaki (32) , R. Munk (37) , S. Murakami (46) , F. Musielok (43) , G. Náfrádi (3) , M. Nagel (1) , D. Naujoks (1) , H. Neilson (6) , O. Neubauer (4) , U. Neuner (1) , T. Ngo (34) , R. Nocentini (15) , C. Nührenberg (1) , J. Nührenberg (1) , S. Obermayer (15) , G. Offermanns (4) , K. Ogawa (32) , J. Ongena (7) , J. W. Oosterbeek (1) , G. Orozco (15) , M. Otte (1) , L. Pacios Rodriguez (2) , W. Pan (47) , N. Panadero (1) , N. Panadero Alvarez (2) , A. Panin (4) , D. Papenfuß (13) , S. Paqay (16) , A. Pavone (1) , E. Pawelec (43) , G. Pelka (25) , X. Peng (47) , V. Perseo (1) , B. Peterson (32) , A. Pieper (45) , D. Pilopp (1) , S. Pingel (1) , F. Pisano (17) , B. Plaum (37) , G. Plunk (1) , M. Povilaitis (9) , J. Preinhaelter (48) , J. Proll (16) , M.-E. Puiatti (49) , A. Puig Sitjes (1) , F. Purps (1) , M. Rack (4) , S. Récsei (3) , A. Reiman (6) , D. Reiter (4) , F. Remppel (37) , S. Renard (34) , R. Riedl (15) , J. Riemann (1) , S. Rimkevicius (9) , K. Riße (1) , A. Rodatos (1) , H. Röhlinger (37) , M. Romé (49) , P. Rong (1) , H.-J. Roscher (50) , B. Roth (37) , L. Rudischhauser (1) , K. Rummel (1) , T. Rummel (1) , A. Runov (1) , N. Rust (1) , L. Ryc (25) , S. Ryosuke (32) , R. Sakamoto (32) , A. Samartsev (13) , M. Sanchez (2) , S. Satake (32) , G. Satheeswaran (4) , J. Schacht (1) , F. Schauer (1) , T. Scherer (13) , A. Schlaich (13) , K.-H. Schlüter (37) , Jérôme Schmitt (30) , H. Schmitz (4) , O. Schmitz (11) , S. Schmuck (35) , M. Schneider (1) , W. Schneider (1) , M. Scholz (25) , P. Scholz (15) , R. Schrittwieser (39) , M. Schröder (1) , T. Schröder (1) , R. Schroeder (1) , H. Schumacher (45) , B. Schweer (4) , B. Shanahan (1) , I. V. Shikhovtsev (36) , M. Sibilia (6) , P. Sinha (1) , S. Sipliä (44) , J. Skodzik (51) , C. Slaby (1) , H. Smith (1) , W. Spiess (13) , D. A. Spong (21) , A. Spring (1) , R. Stadler (15) , B. Standley (15) , L. Stephey (11) , M. Stoneking (52) , U. Stridde (1) , Z. Sulek (26) , C. Surko (29) , Y. Suzuki (32) , V. Szabó (3) , T. Szabolics (3) , Z. Szökefalvi-Nagy (3) , Naoyuki Tamura (32) , A. Terra (4) , J. Terry (10) , J. Thomas (4) , H. Thomsen (1) , M. Thumm (13) , C. P. von Thun (35) , D. Timmermann (51) , P. Titus (6) , K. Toi (32) , J. M. Travere (34) , P. Traverso (30) , J. Tretter (15) , H. Tsuchiya (32) , T. Tsujimura (32) , S. Tulipán (3) , M. Turnyanskiy (35) , B. Unterberg (4) , J. Urban (48) , E. Urbonavicius (9) , I. Vakulchyk (1) , S. Valet (1) , B. van Millingen (2) , L. Vela (33) , J.-L. Velasco (2) , M. Vergote (7) , M. Vervier (4) , N. Vianello (53) , H. Viebke (1) , R. Vilbrandt (1) , A. Vorkörper (15) , S. Wadle (13) , F. Wagner (1) , E. Wang (4) , N. Wang (4) , F. Warmer (1) , L. Wegener (1) , J. Weggen (13) , Y. Wei (4) , J. Wendorf (1) , A. Werner (1) , B. Wiegel (45) , F. Wilde (1) , E. Winkler (1) , V. Winters (11) , Sebastian Wolf (37) , J. Wolowski (25) , A. Wright (14) , P. Xanthopoulos (1) , H. Yamada (32) , I. Yamada (32) , R. Yasuhara (32) , M. Yokoyama (32) , J. Zajac (48) , M. Zarnstorff (6) , A. Zeitler (37) , H. Zhang (6) , J. Zhu (1) , M. Zilker (15) , A. Zimbal (45) , A. Zocco (1) , S. Zoletnik (3) , M. Zuin (18)
1 Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik Teilinstitut Greifswald, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
2 CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
3 KFKI-RMKI - KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics
4 Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Institut fur Energie- und Klimaforschung---Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strase, 52428 Julich, Germany
5 University of Maryland
6 Princeton
7 Laboratory for Plasma Physics of the Ecole Royale Militaire/Koninklijke Militaire School (LPP-ERM/KMS), Avenue de la Renaissance 30, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgien
8 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
9 Institute of Physics
10 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
11 University of Wisconsin-Madison
12 NCBJ - National Centre for Nuclear Research
13 IEKP - Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Universität Karlsruhe
14 Geoscience Australia
15 Max Planck Institut für Plasma Physik and Excellence Cluster
16 Eindhoven University of Technology
17 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
18 CIFS - Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale
19 IST - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa
20 A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute
21 ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge]
22 Università di Milano
23 Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw]
24 ENEA-Frascati
25 IPPLM Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery Str., 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
26 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN
27 University of Szczecin, 70-453, aleja Papieza Jana Pawla II 22A, Szczecin, Poland
28 Milano
29 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
30 International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University
31 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitatsplatz 1, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
32 National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), 322-6 Oroshicho, Toki, Gifu Prefecture 509-5202, Japan
33 UC3M - Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
34 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
35 EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon
36 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), 11, akademika Lavrentieva prospect, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
37 IRS - Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, Universität Stuttgart
38 Fraunhofer-Institut fur Schicht- und Oberflachentechnik IST, Bienroder Weg 54 E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
39 IWF - Institut für Weltraumforschung, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
40 Kiev Institute for Nuclear Research
41 IAP - A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
42 TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin
43 University of Opole, plac Kopernika 11a, 45-001 Opole, Poland
44 School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University
45 PTB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
46 Kyoto University
47 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Rd., Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
48 Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8---Liben, Czechia
49 IFP-CNR - Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
50 Fraunhofer-Institut fur Werkzeugmaschinen und Umformtechnik IWU, Reichenhainer Strase 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
51 Universität Rostock
52 Wayne State University
53 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
S. Lazerson
  • Fonction : Auteur
N. Pablant
  • Fonction : Auteur
P. Bolgert
  • Fonction : Auteur
G. Claps
  • Fonction : Auteur
F. Cordella
  • Fonction : Auteur
A. da Molin
  • Fonction : Auteur
D. Gates
  • Fonction : Auteur
P. Heitzenroeder
  • Fonction : Auteur
B. Israeli
  • Fonction : Auteur
S. Langish
  • Fonction : Auteur
D. Loesser
  • Fonction : Auteur
M. Mardenfeld
  • Fonction : Auteur
D. Mikkelsen
  • Fonction : Auteur
J. Mittelstaedt
  • Fonction : Auteur
H. Neilson
  • Fonction : Auteur
A. Reiman
  • Fonction : Auteur
M. Sibilia
  • Fonction : Auteur
P. Titus
  • Fonction : Auteur
M. Zarnstorff
  • Fonction : Auteur
H. Zhang
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for the limiter configuration employed during the first operational campaign. At power levels of 4 MW central electron densities reached 3 × 1019 m-3, central electron temperatures reached values of 7 keV and ion temperatures reached just above 2 keV. Important physics studies during this first operational phase include a first assessment of power balance and energy confinement, ECRH power deposition experiments, 2nd harmonic O-mode ECRH using multi-pass absorption, and current drive experiments using electron cyclotron current drive. As in many plasma discharges the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature significantly, these plasmas are governed by core electron root confinement showing a strong positive electric field in the plasma centre.
Loading...

Dates et versions

hal-03743043, version 1 (02-08-2022)

Identifiants

Citer

R. C. Wolf, A. Ali, A. Alonso, J. Baldzuhn, C. Beidler, et al.. Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. Nuclear Fusion, 2017, 57, ⟨10.1088/1741-4326/aa770d⟩. ⟨hal-03743043⟩

Collections

CEA
38 Consultations
0 Téléchargements
Dernière date de mise à jour le 26/06/2024
comment ces indicateurs sont-ils produits

Altmetric

Partager

Gmail Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Plus