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                <term xml:lang="en">Geometric thinking</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Figure</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Impossible figure</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Semiotic analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Instruments</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Freehand drawing</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Dessin à main levée</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Instruments</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Géométrie</term>
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              <p>In this article we explore the topic of freehand drawing, a technique that has seldom been studied in the research on geometry education. We also delve into the origins of freehand drawing in mathematics teaching in France. Using an exercise in which students aged 9 to 11 must convert a shorttext description into a hand-drawn image, we study the students’ behaviour and interactions amongst each other from a semiotics perspective. Our analysis reveals the potential role that freehand drawing plays in the development of geometric reasoning (which is fundamental to conceptualizing geometric objects), in broadening the scope of tool-assisted drawing, and in fostering a dialectic between freehand and tool-assisted drawing.</p>
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              <p>Cet article explore le dessin à main levée, un type de dessin peu étudié dans les recherches en didactique de la géométrie. Il essaie de circonscrire la genèse de ce type de dessin dans l’enseignement des mathématiques (en France). Il s’appuie sur l’activité d’élèves de 9–11 ans confrontés à une tâche de conversion d’un court texte en un dessin à main levée. Les actions des élèves et les interactions entre pairs sont analysées d’un point de vue sémiotique. Ces analyses permettent de révéler le rôle potentiel du dessin à main levée dans le développement de raisonnements géométriques, source de conceptualisation des objets géométriques, d’enrichir la vision du dessin instrumenté, et de promouvoir une dialectique entre dessin à main levée et dessin instrumenté.</p>
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