M-type (22) Kalliope: A tiny Mercury
Marin Ferrais
(1)
,
L. Jorda
(1)
,
Pierre Vernazza
(1)
,
Benoit Carry
(2)
,
M. Broz
(3)
,
N. Rambaux
(4)
,
J. Hanus
(3)
,
G. Dudzinski
(5)
,
P. Bartczak
(5)
,
F. Vachier
(4)
,
Eric Aristidi
(2)
,
P. Beck
(6)
,
F. Marchis
(1, 7)
,
M. Marsset
(8)
,
M. Viikinkoski
(9)
,
Romain Fétick
(1, 10)
,
A. Drouard
(1)
,
Thierry Fusco
(11)
,
M. Birlan
(4, 12)
,
E. Podlewska-Gaca
(5, 13)
,
T.H. Burbine
(14)
,
M.D. Dyar
(14)
,
Philippe Bendjoya
(2)
,
Zouhair Benkhaldoun
(15)
,
Jérôme Berthier
(4)
,
Julie Castillo-Rogez
(16)
,
Fabrice Cipriani
(17)
,
F. Colas
(4)
,
Christophe Dumas
(18)
,
J. Ďurech
(3)
,
S. Fauvaud
(19)
,
J. Grice
(20)
,
Emmanuël Jehin
(21)
,
M. Kaasalainen
(9)
,
A. Kryszczynska
(5)
,
Philippe Lamy
(22)
,
H. Le Coroller
(1)
,
Alexandre Marciniak
(5)
,
T. Michalowski
(5)
,
Patrick Michel
(2)
,
Jean-Louis Prieur
(23)
,
V. Reddy
(24)
,
Jean‐pierre Rivet
(2)
,
Toni Santana-Ros
(25, 26)
,
Marco Scardia
(27, 2)
,
Paolo Tanga
(2)
,
Arthur Vigan
(1)
,
Olivier Witasse
(18)
,
B. Yang
(28, 29)
1
LAM -
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
2 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
3 Astronomical Institute of Charles University
4 IMCCE - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides
5 Astronomical Observatory [Poznan]
6 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
7 SETI Institute
8 EAPS - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge]
9 University of Tampere [Finland]
10 DOTA, ONERA [Salon-de-Provence]
11 DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]
12 Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy
13 Institute of Physics [Szczecin]
14 Department of Astronomy of the Mount Holyoke College
15 Oukaimeden Observatory
16 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
17 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
18 TMT International Observatory
19 Observatoire du Bois de Bardon
20 School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes]
21 STAR - Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute
22 HELIOS - LATMOS
23 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
24 LPL - Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson]
25 DFESTS - Departamento de Fisica, Ingenieria de Sistemas y Teoria de la Señal [Alicante]
26 ICCUB - Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos
27 OAB - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
28 ESO - European Southern Observatory [Santiago]
29 UDP - Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago - Chili]
2 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
3 Astronomical Institute of Charles University
4 IMCCE - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides
5 Astronomical Observatory [Poznan]
6 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
7 SETI Institute
8 EAPS - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge]
9 University of Tampere [Finland]
10 DOTA, ONERA [Salon-de-Provence]
11 DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]
12 Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy
13 Institute of Physics [Szczecin]
14 Department of Astronomy of the Mount Holyoke College
15 Oukaimeden Observatory
16 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
17 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
18 TMT International Observatory
19 Observatoire du Bois de Bardon
20 School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes]
21 STAR - Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute
22 HELIOS - LATMOS
23 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
24 LPL - Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson]
25 DFESTS - Departamento de Fisica, Ingenieria de Sistemas y Teoria de la Señal [Alicante]
26 ICCUB - Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos
27 OAB - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
28 ESO - European Southern Observatory [Santiago]
29 UDP - Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago - Chili]
L. Jorda
- Fonction : Auteur
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Pierre Vernazza
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N. Rambaux
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P. Beck
- Fonction : Auteur
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Romain Fétick
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdHAL : romain-fetick
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1329-7603
Thierry Fusco
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-0795-0856
Zouhair Benkhaldoun
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 765627
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6285-9847
Jérôme Berthier
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdHAL : jberthier
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- IdRef : 066971527
Julie Castillo-Rogez
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-0400-1038
F. Colas
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 742285
- IdHAL : jean-francois-colas
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0764-5042
- IdRef : 05759872X
Emmanuël Jehin
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-8923-488X
Patrick Michel
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdHAL : patrick-michel
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0884-1993
Jean-Louis Prieur
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdHAL : jean-louis-prieur
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0612-2431
- IdRef : 201295199
Jean‐pierre Rivet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 741079
- IdHAL : jean-pierre-rivet
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0289-5851
- IdRef : 11346438X
Toni Santana-Ros
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767993
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0143-9440
Arthur Vigan
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 22058
- IdHAL : arthur-vigan
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- IdRef : 145014010
Olivier Witasse
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-3461-5604
- IdRef : 204034647
B. Yang
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1077332
Résumé
Context. Asteroid (22) Kalliope is the second largest M-type asteroid in the main belt and is orbited by a satellite, Linus. Whereas the mass of Kalliope is already well constrained thanks to the presence of a moon, its volume is still poorly known, leading to uncertainties on its bulk density and internal structure.
Aims. We aim to refine the shape of (22) Kalliope and thus its diameter and bulk density, as well as the orbit of its moon to better constrain its mass, hence density and internal structure.
Methods. We acquired disk-resolved observations of (22) Kalliope using the VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument to reconstruct its three-dimensional (3D) shape using three different modeling techniques. These images were also used together with new speckle observations at the C2PU/PISCO instrument as well as archival images from other large ground-based telescopes to refine the orbit of Linus.
Results. The volume of (22) Kalliope given by the shape models, corresponding to D = 150 ± 5 km, and the mass constrained by its satellite’s orbit yield a density of ρ = 4.40 ± 0.46 g cm−3. This high density potentially makes (22) Kalliope the densest known small body in the Solar System. A macroporosity in the 10–25% range (as expected for this mass and size), implies a grain density in the 4.8–5.9 g cm−3 range. Kalliope’s high bulk density, along with its silicate-rich surface implied by its low radar albedo, implies a differentiated interior with metal contributing to most of the mass of the body.
Conclusions. Kalliope’s high metal content (40–60%) along with its metal-poor mantle makes it the smallest known Mercury-like body. A large impact at the origin of the formation of the moon Linus is likely the cause of its high metal content and density.
Domaines
Astrophysique [astro-ph]Origine | Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte |
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