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              <p>La radiologie est l’un des premiers secteurs médicaux à être concerné concrètement par l’arrivée de dispositifs labellisés « intelligence artificielle » pour le traitement des images. Cette évolution, largement invisible dans la mesure où elle concerne des outils à destination des professionnels, pose la question des conditions de régulation de ces innovations, à la fois par rapport aux règles existantes du système de santé et les adaptations nécessaires pour ces nouvelles technologies. À partir d’une enquête menée à la fois auprès des radiologues, des industriels et des représentants des autorités de santé, cet article montre que cette régulation est largement déléguée aux acteurs du domaine. La régulation actuelle est alors le produit du travail normatif des radiologues, utilisateurs des dispositifs médicaux défendant les conditions de leur activité, et des industriels du secteur, qui les développent et doivent compter sur la collaboration des médecins. Le débat public et politique sur l’encadrement de l’IA dans le domaine de la santé reste en retrait des considérations pratiques rencontrées par les acteurs du secteur, qui se construisent autour des délimitations du groupe professionnel des radiologues et de la compétition entre les constructeurs historiques de dispositifs d’imagerie et les nouveaux entrants de l’innovation numérique.</p>
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