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                <term xml:lang="fr">René Girard</term>
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              <p>The war on “terrorism” does not only destroy; it also creates reciprocal links between the actors of the conflict: reciprocity of moral feelings, of identities, and especially of concrete practices. The argument developed in this article is that René Girard’s theory of mimetic rivalry allows us to grasp the dynamics which do not only make this war an endless one but also contribute to its escalation. The theory of mimetic rivalry reveals that discourses and identities are shaped during the course of the violent relationship, the increasing inability of the adversaries to understand the motives of their opponents, and the extension of the field of rivalry. It constitutes an antidote to those explanations that radicalize and essentialize identities by denying the similarities that emerge from combat. It also constitutes an antithesis to those explanations based on the geopolitics of cultures and civilizations which feed ignorance on the dynamics at play in situations of violence.</p>
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              <p>La guerre contre le « terrorisme » ne fait pas que détruire ; elle crée aussi des liens de réciprocité entre les acteurs du conflit : réciprocité des sentiments moraux, des identités et surtout des pratiques concrètes. L’argument développé dans cet article est que la théorie de la rivalité mimétique de René Girard permet de saisir ces dynamiques qui rendent non seulement improbable la fin du conflit mais contribuent aussi à son escalade. La théorie de la rivalité mimétique révèle le rôle joué par la structuration des discours et des identités au cours de la relation violente, l’incapacité croissante des acteurs à comprendre les motifs d’action de leurs adversaires et l’extension du champ de la rivalité. Elle constitue un antidote par rapport aux explications qui radicalisent les identités en refusant et en s’offusquant des ressemblances qui émergent du combat. Elle constitue aussi une antithèse aux explications par la géopolitique des cultures et des civilisations qui nourrissent la méconnaissance des dynamiques de la violence.</p>
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