The transposable element-rich genome of the cereal pest Sitophilus oryzae
Résumé
Background: The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is one of the most important agricultural pests, causing extensivedamage to cereal in fields and to stored grains. S. oryzae has an intracellular symbiotic relationship (endosymbiosis)with the Gram-negative bacterium Sodalis pierantonius and is a valuable model to decipher host-symbiontmolecular interactions.
Results: We sequenced the Sitophilus oryzae genome using a combination of short and long reads to produce thebest assembly for a Curculionidae species to date. We show that S. oryzae has undergone successive bursts oftransposable element (TE) amplification, representing 72% of the genome. In addition, we show that many TEfamilies are transcriptionally active, and changes in their expression are associated with insect endosymbiotic state.S. oryzae has undergone a high gene expansion rate, when compared to other beetles. Reconstruction of hostsymbiontmetabolic networks revealed that, despite its recent association with cereal weevils (30 kyear), S.pierantonius relies on the host for several amino acids and nucleotides to survive and to produce vitamins andessential amino acids required for insect development and cuticle biosynthesis.
Conclusions: Here we present the genome of an agricultural pest beetle, which may act as a foundation for pest control. In addition, S. oryzae may be a useful model for endosymbiosis, and studying TE evolution and regulation, along with the impact of TEs on eukaryotic genomes.
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