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            <funder>This work was supported by a European Leukodystrophy Association fellowship (Association Européenne contre les Leucodystrophies; ELA 2016-012F4 to N.H.), a Medical Research Council Programme Grant (MR/M004864/1 to S.A.R.), a studentship from the MRC Discovery Medicine North (DiMeN) Doctoral Training Partnership (MR/N013840/1) and a Sir Jules Thorn PhD scholarship to H.A.R., and an Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant (ANR-16-CE20-0002-03 to J.-P.L.). Open Access funding provided by The University of Sheffield Bateson Centre. Deposited in PMC for immediate release.</funder>
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              <p>Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are fossils left in our genome from retrovirus infections of the past. Their sequences are part of every vertebrate genome and their random integrations are thought to have contributed to evolution. Although ERVs are mainly kept silenced by the host genome, they are found activated in multiple disease states such as auto-inflammatory disorders and neurological diseases. What makes defining their role in health and diseases challenging is the numerous copies in mammalian genomes and the lack of tools to study them. In this study, we identified 8 copies of the zebrafish endogenous retrovirus (zferv). We created and characterised the first in vivo ERV reporter line in any species. Using a combination of live imaging, flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing, we mapped zferv expression to early T cells and neurons. Thus, this new tool identified tissues expressing ERV in zebrafish, highlighting a potential role of ERV during brain development and strengthening the hypothesis that ERV play a role in immunity and neurological diseases. This transgenic line is therefore a suitable tool to study the function of ERV in health and diseases.</p>
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