Modeling Rabbit-Holes on YouTube
Résumé
Numerous discussions have advocated the presence of a so called rabbit-hole (RH)
phenomenon on social media, interested in advanced personalization to their
users. This phenomenon is loosely understood as a collapse of mainstream recommendations, in favor of ultra personalized ones that lock users into narrow and
specialized feeds. Yet quantitative studies are often ignoring personalization, are
of limited scale, and rely on manual tagging to track this collapse. This precludes
a precise understanding of the phenomenon based on reproducible observations,
and thus the continuous audits of platforms.
In this paper, we first tackle the scale issue by proposing a user-sided bot-centric
approach that enables large scale data collection, through autoplay walks on recommendations. We then propose a simple theory that explains the appearance of
these RHs. While this theory is a simplifying viewpoint on a complex and planet-
wide phenomenon, it carries multiple advantages: it can be analytically modeled,
and provides a general yet rigorous definition of RHs. We define them as an
interplay between i) user interaction with personalization and ii) the attraction
strength of certain video categories, which cause users to quickly step apart of
mainstream recommendations made to fresh user profiles.
We illustrate these concepts by highlighting some RHs found after collecting more
than 16 million personalized recommendations on YouTube. A final validation
step compares our automatically-identified RHs against manually-identified RHs
from a previous research work. Together, those results pave the way for large
scale and automated audits of the RH effect in recommendation systems.
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