This article presents an overview on modeling of micromechanical failure processes in nodular cast iron, a material used for many engineering applications. Depending on the loading conditions, different micromechanisms are responsible for damage and failure of nodular cast iron. The scope of this article is to derive a connection between experimental findings and simulation approaches for those different micromechanisms. Based on a review of experimental studies, the models are classified by several criteria into different modeling strategies. The main findings achieved for homogeneous stress states as well as for fracture and machining simulations are summarized and compared.