<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-03563821</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-17T12:00:05+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Estimation of doses from electrons, photons, and secondary particles associated with TGFs</title>
            <author role="crp">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                <surname>Pallu</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a3c268de132b5c361bb92d38233bc772</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1125757</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2175772-1125757</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/269998667</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-4593</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Sebastien</forename>
                <surname>Celestin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">67fce8188c5d0f6f03e05b0a526515a8</email>
              <email type="domain">psu.edu</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1027121</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2266766-1027121</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-3197</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-300297"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">F.</forename>
                <surname>Trompier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">0540ab4833d1b6254f4963a1337cf4f2</email>
              <email type="domain">irsn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-trompier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">184309</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">825011-184309</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-6572</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/19592083X</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=x3WWJQIAAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-300040"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                <surname>Klerlein</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2424217-0</idno>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Nathalie</forename>
                <surname>POTHIER</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bbadcf873be535d1d251be6425ad67be</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2022-02-10 07:25:42</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-06-04 03:26:13</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2022-02-10 07:25:42</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2019</date>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="106505">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Nathalie</forename>
                  <surname>POTHIER</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">bbadcf873be535d1d251be6425ad67be</email>
                <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-03563821</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-03563821</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">pallu:hal-03563821</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;American Geophysical Union&lt;/i&gt;, 2019, San Francisco, United States</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">American Geophysical Union, 2019, San Francisco, United States</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRSN">Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire - IRSN</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-ORLEANS">Université d'Orléans</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNES">CNES - Centre national d'études spatiales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OSUC" corresp="INSU">Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LPC2E" corresp="OSUC">Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ASNR">Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire et de Radioprotection</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="invited" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
            <note type="proceedings" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Estimation of doses from electrons, photons, and secondary particles associated with TGFs</title>
                <author role="crp">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                    <surname>Pallu</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">a3c268de132b5c361bb92d38233bc772</email>
                  <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1125757</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2175772-1125757</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/269998667</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-4593</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Sebastien</forename>
                    <surname>Celestin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">67fce8188c5d0f6f03e05b0a526515a8</email>
                  <email type="domain">psu.edu</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1027121</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2266766-1027121</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-3197</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-300297"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">F.</forename>
                    <surname>Trompier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">0540ab4833d1b6254f4963a1337cf4f2</email>
                  <email type="domain">irsn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-trompier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">184309</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">825011-184309</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-6572</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/19592083X</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=x3WWJQIAAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-300040"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                    <surname>Klerlein</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2424217-0</idno>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <meeting>
                  <title>American Geophysical Union</title>
                  <date type="start">2019</date>
                  <date type="end">2019</date>
                  <settlement>San Francisco</settlement>
                  <country key="US">United States</country>
                </meeting>
                <imprint>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">2019</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2019</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="bibcode">2019AGUFMAE41B3159P</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Atmospheric electricity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">NATURAL HAZARDS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Atmospheric</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Lightning</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu">Sciences of the Universe [physics]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In 1994, a new type of radiation coming from the Earth's atmosphere was discovered. This radiation, now known as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), comes in the form of bursts of high-energy photons, lasting less than one millisecond [Fishman et al., Science, 264, 1313, 1994]. Initially expected to be rare events, we now know that they are related to common thunderstorms [Chronis et al., BAMS, 97, 639, 2016 ; Splitt et al., JGR, 115, A00E38, 2010] and intra-cloud lightning discharges [e.g., Cummer et al., GRL, 42, 7792, 2015]. Briggs et al. [JGR, 118, 3805, 2013] estimate 400,000 TGFs per year, as detectable by the Fermi-Gamma ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Thunderstorms also produce another type of events, called gamma ray glows. These are significant elevations of the background radiation, lasting from seconds to minutes. Both are explained by the same phenomena: bremsstrahlung emission and relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) [e.g., Kelley et al., Nat. Commun., 6, 7845, 2015 ; Wada et al., Comm. Phys., 2, 67, 2019]. A conservative estimate of the occurence of gamma-ray glows is that 8% of electrified storms produce them [Kelley et al., 2015]. &lt;P /&gt;Both TGFs [e.g., Cummer et al., GRL, 41, 8586, 2014] and gamma ray glows [e.g., Eack and Beasley, JGR, 120, 6887, 2015] are produced at thunderstorm altitudes, which calls for a precise assessment of the risk encountered by aircrew and passengers on a plane that would fly near or through thunderstorms. The exposure of aircrew is usually monitored by software that estimates the dose received for each individual, within the route flight data, taking into account the galactic component (cosmic rays) and relevant solar flares. Dwyer et al. [JGR, 115, A00E14, 2010] estimated the dose that a TGF could produce as a function of the diameter of the electron beam, and showed that TGFs could be an additional non negligible exposure for aircraft passengers. &lt;P /&gt;In this work, we will present calculations of doses produced by different parts and components of TGFs: RREA, gamma-rays and secondary particles, within the different theories of production (leader-based model [e.g., Xu et al., GRL, 39, L08801, 2012 ; Celestin et al., JGR, 120, 10, 712, 2015] and relativistic feedback model [e.g., Dwyer, JGR, 113, D10103, 2008]) that would be received by humans if an airplane were to find itself in such an event.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-185533" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">167915916</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000406235273</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201220223J</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/049k66y27</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q15967014</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LPC2E</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3A, Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 45071 Orléans cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.lpc2e.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR7328" active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300297" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7328" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7328" active="#struct-458369" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300040" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">080712339</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01ha22c77</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1502878</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRSN</orgName>
          <date type="start">2002-02-26</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irsn.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300297" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026402971</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2158 1666</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/014zrew76</idno>
          <orgName>Université d'Orléans</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UO</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Château de la Source - Avenue du Parc Floral - BP 6749 - 45067 Orléans cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-orleans.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-458369" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04h1h0y33</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNES</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Siège social : 2 place Maurice Quentin, 75039 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://cnes.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>