The origin of the high N:P ratios in the Mediterranean Sea is one of the remaining important questions raised by the scientific community. During the last two decades it was observed that the inorganic ratio NO 3 :PO4 ratio in major Mediterranean rivers including the Rhone River has dramatically increased, thereby strengthening the P-limitation in the Mediterranean waters (Ludwig et al, 2009, The MerMex group, 2011) and, as a result, increasing the anomaly in the ratio NO 3 :PO4 of the Gulf of Lions (GoL) and in all the western part of NW Mediterranean. The N:P ratios in seawater and in the metabolic requirements for plankton growth are indeed of particular interest, as these proportions determine which nutrient will limit biological productivity at the base of the food web and may select plankton communities with distinct biogeochemical function (Deutsch &Weber, 2012). In this context, an in the same spirit as the study of Parsons & Lalli (2002), an interesting question is whether high NO 3 :PO4 ratios in sea water can favor dead-end gelatinous food chains to the detriment of chains producing fish or direct food for fish. More generally, we aim at characterizing the impact of changes in the NO 3 :PO4 ratio on the structure of the planktonic food web in the Mediterranean Sea. Coupled physical-biogeochemical modeling with the Eco3M-MED biogeochemical model (Baklouti et al., 2006a,b, Alekseenko et al., 2014) coupled with the hydrodynamic model MARS3D (Lazure&Dumas, 2008) is used to investigate the impact of Rhone River inputs on the structure of the first levels of the trophic web of the NW Mediterranean Sea. The fact that the model describes each biogenic compartment in terms of its abundance (for organisms), and carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll (for autotrophs) contents means that the intracellular quotas and ratios of each organism can be calculated at any time. This provides information on the intracellular status of organisms, on the elements that limit their growth and ultimately enhances our understanding of the functioning of this planktonic food-web. The present work consisted in running two different scenarios (low and high NO 3 :PO4 in the Rhone River). The lower ratio is the one presently found in the Rhône river outputs while the higher ratio is twice the lower one.The study focused on a one-year period (2010) since the model outputs during this period have already been partially validated (Alekseenko et al., 2014). At this stage, we first explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of the carbon stocks, in living and non-living compartments as well as related carbon fluxes. Results showed that, after one year of simulation, the change in NO 3 :PO4 of Rhone River mostly impacts organisms in the shelf zone of GoL, and especially the lowest trophic levels during the spring phytoplankton bloom. The increase in NO 3 :PO4 decreases primary production and bacterial production rates, thereby decreasing food availability for zooplankton which population growth decreases. During the spring phytoplankton bloom period, the decrease in Chl-a induced by the high NO 3 :PO4 Rhone ratio has an order of value comparable to the Chl-a mean level observed in the GoL. In the case of the scenario with high NO 3 :PO4 ratio, bacterial production increases after the spring bloom, what, in turn, increases the development of ciliates. The impact of NO 3 :PO4 scenarios on the mesozooplankton and jellyfish compartments considered in the model is overall low after a one-year simulation, but, probably due to their longer life cycle comparing to smaller organisms, this should be investigated at longer time scales.