Nature-based engineering solution for sustainable invasive alien plants control and ecosystem restoration
Résumé
Riparian systems are strongly affected by natural as well as human-driven disturbances and are particularly threatened by invasive alien plants (IAPs). These IAPs introduce severe and often hazardous alterations to the ecosystems. They are one of the most serious reasons for biodiversity loss. Compared to other pressures on protected areas (e.g. land use change), the impacts of IAPs are frequently less well understood. Nature-based engineering solutions (NABIS), addresses the risks introduced by IAPs and aims to develop novel management strategies. NABIS systems are built on the principles of soil bioengineering, with specific adaptations to support effectively the natural riparian plants against dominating IAPs. Soil bioengineering is a construction technique that uses biological components for hydraulic and civil engineering solutions. Nowadays, soil bioengineering is of increasing importance as there is a high demand for engineering solutions which take into consideration not only technical issues but also ecological and socioeconomic values. Mowing is one of the main management practice and aims to reduce the population of an invasive plant species, however it is often poorly efficient and has to be repeated over long periods. The goal of the developed NABIS is to install native riparian forests using soil bioengineering techniques and carry out IAPs maintenance work in the first years to foster the natural riparian plants. Through the immediate mechanical erosion control by the native plants a further downstream colonization by uprooting of knotweed rhizomes should be prevented. In the design of the structures a high level of importance is attached to the necessity that NABIS are applicable on a large-scale and in different riparian zones. NABIS systems will provide a tool for practitioners for long-term control of IAPs and at the same time to restore ecosystem functioning through the development of riparian native vegetation. The present work shows the design of NABIS techniques and first results of the monitoring of plants development.