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              <p>Election Observation in Latin America. Actors, Methods, Viewpoints -- Election observation has grown exponentially over the past three decades and has become a tool forlegitimizing elections on a global scale. These missions have played different roles that have overlappedover time: observers are seen as doctors, police officers, judges and election experts. A great diversityof national and international actors is involved in the organization of the missions, in what has becomea real professional environment. However, little is known about the concrete operation of these missionsand the factors that determine how the observer’s eye is shaped. A pioneer in election observation, LatinAmerica offers a prime field to study them. Participatory and comparative observation of the practicesadopted by three types of actors (international organizations, regional organizations of electoral authoritiesand NGOs) in three different countries (Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico) makes it possible to show towhat extent objectives, methodologies and results of these organizations differ. Contrary to the rhetoricdisplayed by governments, rather than a unique election observation mission, there are many pointsof view that depend on the role adopted by the organization and the many constraints on its work.</p>
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              <p>Les missions d’observation électorale, qui ont connu une croissance exponentielle au cours des trente dernières années, sont devenues un outil de légitimation des élections à l’échelle mondiale. Elles ont assumé différents rôles, qui se sont superposés au fil du temps, et les observateurs sont perçus aujourd’hui tant comme des « soignants » que comme des policiers, des juges et des experts. Une grande diversité d’acteurs nationaux et internationaux sont impliqués dans l’organisation des missions, constituant un véritable milieu professionnel. Pourtant, on sait peu de choses sur le fonctionnement concret de ces dispositifs et sur les facteurs qui déterminent la construction du regard de l’observateur. Pionnière en la matière, l’Amérique latine offre un terrain de choix pour les étudier. L’observation participante et comparée des pratiques adoptées par trois types d’acteurs (organisation internationale, organisation régionale d’autorités électorales et ONG) dans trois pays différents (l’Equateur, la Colombie et le Mexique) permet de montrer à quel point les objectifs, les méthodologies et les résultats de ces organisations diffèrent. Contrairement aux discours affichés par les gouvernements, il n’y a pas une seule mission d’observation électorale, mais plutôt de nombreux points de vue, en fonction du rôle adopté par l’organisation et des contraintes nombreuses qui pèsent sur son travail.</p>
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