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              <p>The Mediterranean Sea brings together strong economic (global transport, tourism, fishing), social (immigration) and environmental (biodiversity hotspot, and heavily impacted by climate change) issues. This small semi-enclosed sea appears as a suitable area to question two environmental marine tools : the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Lists and protected areas. The aim of this study is to understand the implementation of these two tools in the marine environment, after analyzing the emergence of environmental issues in political and scientific spheres. Based on a methodology bringing together participant observation in an institution dedicated to the protection of Mediterranean island areas including their maritime component, semi-structured interviews, and documents reviews, this study proposes a reflection based on concepts and analytical frameworks developed by science studies, management sciences and geography. The goal is to analyse the construction of environmental issues by formalizing a cyclic dynamic linking scientific object and political environmental subject. Marine environmental issues are repositioned in this dynamic by studying more particularly the place of uncertainties. The aim of this study is to question the relevance of transferring two tools for biodiversity conservation (Red Lists and protected areas) from terrestrial to marineenvironments. Initially developed for the conservation of the terrestrial environment, these tools do not adapt as easily to the marine environment where naturalistic data are scarcer, and the uses are not fully compatible with some objectives of protected areas.</p>
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              <p>La mer Méditerranée réunit de forts enjeux économiques (transports mondiaux, tourisme, pêche), sociaux (immigration) et environnementaux (hotspot de biodiversité, et zone fortement impactée par le changement climatique). Cette petite mer semi-fermée apparaît alors comme un espace adapté pour interroger deux outils de protection environnementale du milieu marin : les listes rouges de l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) et les aires protégées. Cette étude s’attache à comprendre la mise en place de ces deux outils sur le milieu marin, après avoir analysé l’émergence des enjeux environnementaux dans les arènes politiques et scientifiques. Basée sur une méthodologie regroupant observation participante au sein d’une institution vouée à la protection des espaces insulaires de Méditerranée, entretiens semi-directifs et analyses de documents, cette étude propose une réflexion s’appuyant sur des concepts et des cadres d’analyses développés par les science studies, les sciences de gestion et la géographie. L’objectif est d’analyser la construction des enjeux environnementaux en formalisant une dynamique cyclique reliant objet scientifique et sujet environnemental politique. Les enjeux marins sont repositionnés dans cette dynamique en étudiant plus particulièrement la place des incertitudes. L’objectif de l’étude est d’interroger la pertinence du transfert des deux outils utilisés dans les politiques de protection de la biodiversité (listes rouges et aires protégées) du milieu terrestre vers le milieu marin. Ces outils ne s’adaptent pas aussi facilement au milieu marin où les données naturalistes sont moindres et les usages peu compatibles avec certains objectifs des aires protégées.</p>
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