Pigments and glassy matrix of the 17 th -18 th century enamelled French watches: A non-invasive onsite Raman and pXRF study - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Cultural Heritage Année : 2020

Pigments and glassy matrix of the 17 th -18 th century enamelled French watches: A non-invasive onsite Raman and pXRF study

Burcu Kirmizi
  • Fonction : Auteur
Catherine Gougeon
  • Fonction : Auteur
Michele Gironda
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  • PersonId : 1221520
Catherine Cardinal

Résumé

Twelve rare watches with painted enamels, mostly produced in France, from the 17 th and 18 th centuries in the collections of Musée du Louvre in Paris were analyzed on-site in order to characterize the materials used in their enamels and the enamelling technique. All the watches were analysed by mobile Raman microspectroscopy and five of them were also analyzed by pXRF. Pigments (Naples Yellow pyrochlore, hematite, carbon, lapis lazuli, arsenic sulphide, manganese oxides), opacifiers (cassiterite, lead arsenates) and corresponding lead-rich glassy silicate matrices were identified by one or two methods. Similar to the oil painting or tempera techniques, different hues of the related enamels were obtained by mixing many colouring agents, rather than using 'pure' enamels as in the case of Limoges enamelled objects. Lead arsenate apatite detected in some of the 17 th century blue enamels is related to the use of European arsenic-rich cobalt ores, as also characterized in the blue (soft-paste) porcelain decors and high-quality Limoges enamels. The presence of colloidal gold (Au° nanoparticles) was indirectly detected by the Raman technique in the 18 th century watches and confirmed by pXRF. At least three types of Naples Yellow pigment were identified with Sb-rich, Sn-rich and mixed Sb-Sn-Fe-Zn compositions.
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Dates et versions

hal-03373805 , version 1 (11-10-2021)

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Philippe Colomban, Burcu Kirmizi, Catherine Gougeon, Michele Gironda, Catherine Cardinal. Pigments and glassy matrix of the 17 th -18 th century enamelled French watches: A non-invasive onsite Raman and pXRF study. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2020, 44, pp.1-14. ⟨10.1016/j.culher.2020.02.001⟩. ⟨hal-03373805⟩
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