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Article Dans Une Revue Physical Review A Année : 2021

Coherent seeding of the dynamics of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate: From quantum to classical behavior

Bertrand Evrard
An Qu
Jean Dalibard
Fabrice Gerbier

Résumé

We present experiments revealing the competing effect of quantum fluctuations and of a coherent seed in the dynamics of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, and discuss the relevance of a mean-field description of our system. We first explore a near-equilibrium situation, where the mean-field equations can be linearized around a fixed point corresponding to all atoms in the same Zeeman state $m=0$. Preparing the system at this classical fixed point, we observe a reversible dynamics triggered by quantum fluctuations, which cannot be understood within a classical framework. We demonstrate that the classical description becomes accurate provided a coherent seed of a few atoms only is present in the other Zeeman states $m= \pm 1$. In a second regime characterized by a strong non-linearity of the mean-field equations, we observe a collapse dynamics driven by quantum fluctuations. This behavior cannot be accounted for by a classical description and persists for a large range of initial states. We show that all our experimental results can be explained with a semi-classical description (truncated Wigner approximation), using stochastic classical variables to model the quantum noise.
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hal-03363342 , version 1 (19-12-2023)

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Bertrand Evrard, An Qu, Jean Dalibard, Fabrice Gerbier. Coherent seeding of the dynamics of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate: From quantum to classical behavior. Physical Review A, 2021, 103 (3), ⟨10.1103/PhysRevA.103.L031302⟩. ⟨hal-03363342⟩
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