We analysed the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from rapeseed leaf litter and their potential to create secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) under three different conditions, i.e., (i) in the presence of UV light irradiation, (ii) in the presence of ozone, and (iii) with both ozone and UV light. These experiments were performed in a controlled atmospheric simulation chamber containing leaf litter samples, where BVOC and aerosol number concentrations were measured for 6 d. Our results show that BVOC emission profiles were affected by UV light irradiation which increased the summed BVOC emissions compared to the experiment with solely O-3. Furthermore, the diversity of emitted VOCs from the rapeseed litter also increased in the presence of UV light irradiation. SOA formation was observed when leaf litter was exposed to both UV light and O-3, indicating a potential contribution to particle formation or growth at local scales. To our knowledge, this study investigates, for the first time, the effect of UV irradiation and O-3 exposure on both VOC emissions and SOA formation for leaf litter samples. A detailed discussion about the processes behind the biological production of the most important VOC is proposed.