Networks Virology. Focus on COVID-19
Résumé
We introduce by the rst time the fundamentals of a new discipline for the integrative analysis of the impact of viruses infecting a host population. Networks virology is presented as an overarching framework for covering most, if not all, scales impacting the complex systems involved in virus infections. It ranges from the study of networks representing viral macromolecules, such as proteins and genetic material (DNA and RNA), the interactions of such macromolecules at cellular level, the crossorgan impacts of virus infections though physiology networks, the spread of viral infections through human-human contact networks, and their geographic scale impact on global transmission through human mobility networks. We focus here on COVID-19 and give examples of the utility of networks virology to study: (i) the impact of evolution on SARS-CoV-2 protein folding and secondary structure, (ii) mechanistic interpretation of inhibitors eects on potential pharmaceutical targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, (iii) analysis of the pathogenic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 and its extra-pulmonary damages, (iv) networks impact on COVID-19 epidemic transmission, and (v) strategies for implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions with minimal (economical) disruption at national scale. From the mathematical point of view we use methods from algebraic graph theory, matrix functions theory, mathematical epidemiology, graph geometrization, fractional calculus, among others.
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